River environments

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Question 1
Medium

Study Figure 1, which shows the sequential stages of waterfall formation in a river's upper course.

Figure 1: A diagram illustrating three stages of waterfall formation. Stage 1 shows a layer of hard, resistant rock overlying a layer of soft, less resistant rock, with water flowing over it. Stage 2 shows rapid erosion of the soft rock creating a plunge pool and undercutting the hard rock, leaving an overhang. Stage 3 shows the collapse of the overhang and upstream retreat, leaving a steep-sided gorge.

Explain the formation of a waterfall. You may use Figure 1 or your own annotated diagrams to support your answer.

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River environments Questions

  1. IGCSE
  2. /Geography
  3. /River environments