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balancing their Chinese heritage with the values and expectations of American life."},{"text":"Assimilation - abandoning Chinese heritage for American culture.","correct":false,"explanation":"Assimilation involves replacing one cultural identity with another, rather than negotiating between both. The novel’s central cultural conflict is biculturalism, balancing Chinese heritage and American culture."},{"text":"Isolationism - avoiding both Chinese and American communities.","correct":false,"explanation":"Isolationism means withdrawing from cultural communities, which is not the central conflict. The characters instead experience biculturalism as they navigate Chinese heritage and American culture."},{"text":"Orientalism - depicting Chinese culture through Western stereotypes.","correct":false,"explanation":"Orientalism concerns stereotyped Western representations of Eastern cultures. The novel’s central conflict is biculturalism, as its characters negotiate the demands of Chinese and American identities."}]},{"id":"d1cb9899-21b9-4ee8-90b9-98e01c6a484a","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"A motif is a [ ] with [ ].","back":"A motif is a recurring element, image, or idea with symbolic significance.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"A motif is a recurring element, image, or idea with symbolic significance.","correct":true,"explanation":"A motif recurs throughout a text and carries symbolic significance, helping to develop its themes, characters, or central concerns through repetition."},{"text":"A motif is a one-off narrative event with symbolic significance.","correct":false,"explanation":"A single event may be symbolic, but it is not a motif because it does not recur. A motif is a recurring element, image, or idea with symbolic significance."},{"text":"A motif is a recurring element, image, or idea with no wider significance.","correct":false,"explanation":"Repetition alone does not fully define a literary motif; the repeated feature must carry meaning. A motif is a recurring element, image, or idea with symbolic significance."},{"text":"A motif is an isolated detail, image, or idea with literal significance.","correct":false,"explanation":"This confuses an incidental detail with a motif. A motif must recur and carry symbolic meaning, so it is a recurring element, image, or idea with symbolic significance."}]},{"id":"bdb99f15-197f-4ecb-84ca-a263231775ca","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Which object from the opening parable becomes a key mother-daughter motif?","back":"The swan feather.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The swan feather.","correct":true,"explanation":"The swan feather appears in the opening parable and becomes a recurring symbol of the mothers’ distant origins, sacrifices, hopes, and unspoken love for their daughters."},{"text":"The jade pendant.","correct":false,"explanation":"The jade pendant is significant elsewhere in the novel, but it is not the object in the opening parable. That parable introduces the swan feather."},{"text":"The red candle.","correct":false,"explanation":"The red candle belongs to Lindo Jong’s marriage story rather than the opening parable. The opening object that becomes a mother-daughter motif is the swan feather."},{"text":"The piano trophy.","correct":false,"explanation":"The piano trophy relates to Jing-mei’s childhood conflict with her mother, but it does not appear in the opening parable. The relevant object is the swan feather."}]},{"id":"050749ac-cf17-478a-8e35-0b219613e32b","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Opening parable: “This feather may look [ ], but it comes from afar and carries with it all my [ ].”","back":"Opening parable: “This feather may look unworthy, but it comes from afar and carries with it all my good intentions.”","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Opening parable: “This feather may look unworthy, but it comes from afar and carries with it all my good intentions.”","correct":true,"explanation":"The words “unworthy” and “good intentions” contrast the feather’s unimpressive appearance with its emotional value, representing the mother’s distant journey and unspoken love."},{"text":"Opening parable: “This feather may look insignificant, but it comes from afar and carries with it all my good intentions.”","correct":false,"explanation":"“Insignificant” captures a similar idea but is not the quotation’s wording. The feather may look “unworthy”, while its “good intentions” give it emotional significance."},{"text":"Opening parable: “This feather may look unworthy, but it comes from afar and carries with it all my fondest memories.”","correct":false,"explanation":"The quotation focuses on the mother’s loving purpose, not simply her memories. The feather carries all her “good intentions”, despite appearing “unworthy”."},{"text":"Opening parable: “This feather may look beautiful, but it comes from afar and carries with it all my highest expectations.”","correct":false,"explanation":"This removes the contrast between outward worthlessness and inner emotional value. The correct terms are “unworthy” and “good intentions”, emphasising misunderstood maternal love."}]},{"id":"1a81b112-ad15-4b2f-ab0b-2ed93ac3afa3","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What structural role does the swan-feather parable play?","back":"It frames all sixteen stories.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It frames all sixteen stories.","correct":true,"explanation":"The opening parable establishes ideas about migration, maternal hope, and failed communication that shape the reader’s understanding of all sixteen interconnected stories."},{"text":"It concludes all sixteen stories.","correct":false,"explanation":"The parable appears at the opening rather than serving as a concluding summary. It frames all sixteen stories by introducing their central mother-daughter concerns."},{"text":"It interrupts all sixteen stories.","correct":false,"explanation":"The parable does not repeatedly interrupt the separate narratives. Instead, it frames all sixteen stories, providing a symbolic context through which they can be interpreted."},{"text":"It narrates all sixteen stories.","correct":false,"explanation":"The novel’s stories are told through several different narrators, not by the parable. Its structural role is to frame all sixteen stories thematically."}]},{"id":"34446279-6f22-4988-8b3b-651751e8efea","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"In the swan-feather quote, what do “good intentions” stand for?","back":"Unspoken maternal love.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Unspoken maternal love.","correct":true,"explanation":"The “good intentions” represent the mother’s deep love and hopes for her daughter, feelings that remain unspoken because language and cultural differences obstruct communication."},{"text":"Unfulfilled personal ambition.","correct":false,"explanation":"The phrase concerns what the mother wishes to communicate to her daughter, not private career ambitions. It symbolises unspoken maternal love carried across cultures."},{"text":"Complete cultural assimilation.","correct":false,"explanation":"The mother does not intend to erase her Chinese identity by becoming wholly American. Her “good intentions” instead stand for unspoken maternal love."},{"text":"Inherited material wealth.","correct":false,"explanation":"The feather has little material value, so the phrase does not represent financial inheritance. Its value is emotional: it embodies the mother’s unspoken maternal love."}]},{"id":"240fdbc5-f9c9-40f6-aa8a-14650cb197c0","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why do the mothers rely on symbolic tokens like the feather?","back":"Their imperfect English limits direct emotional expression.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Their imperfect English limits direct emotional expression.","correct":true,"explanation":"The mothers struggle to express complex feelings directly in English, so symbolic objects such as the feather communicate their love, sacrifices, and hopes nonverbally."},{"text":"Their strict parenting prevents direct emotional expression.","correct":false,"explanation":"Strict parenting contributes to tension, but the tokens specifically compensate for a language barrier. Their imperfect English limits direct emotional expression, making symbolism especially important."},{"text":"Their Chinese traditions forbid direct emotional expression.","correct":false,"explanation":"The novel does not present Chinese tradition as simply forbidding emotional communication. The mothers rely on tokens because their imperfect English limits direct emotional expression."},{"text":"Their American daughters reject direct emotional expression.","correct":false,"explanation":"The daughters may misunderstand their mothers, but they do not simply reject emotion. The mothers use symbolic tokens because their imperfect English limits direct emotional expression."}]},{"id":"063fbc1b-5598-462a-94eb-94bfe1606cf7","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"The feather’s value lies in coming [ ], mirroring the mothers’ journey from [ ].","back":"The feather’s value lies in coming from afar, mirroring the mothers’ journey from war-torn China to America.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The feather’s value lies in coming from afar, mirroring the mothers’ journey from war-torn China to America.","correct":true,"explanation":"Its distant origin gives the feather symbolic value, paralleling the mothers’ migration from war-torn China to America and the histories they carry with them."},{"text":"The feather’s value lies in coming from nearby, mirroring the mothers’ journey from rural China to Britain.","correct":false,"explanation":"The feather matters because it comes “from afar”, not from nearby, and the novel centres on migration from war-torn China to America, not Britain."},{"text":"The feather’s value lies in coming from afar, mirroring the mothers’ journey from America to war-torn China.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the direction of migration. The mothers travel from war-torn China to America, and the feather’s arrival “from afar” mirrors that journey."},{"text":"The feather’s value lies in coming without difficulty, mirroring the mothers’ journey from war-torn China to America.","correct":false,"explanation":"The emphasis is on distance, not ease; both the feather and the mothers have travelled “from afar”. Their journey from war-torn China to America involves hardship."}]},{"id":"97719648-b19b-48d0-bf27-a3da7978562e","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does the swan feather symbolize between mothers and daughters?","back":"Fragile, imperfect communication.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Fragile, imperfect communication.","correct":true,"explanation":"The delicate feather represents the mothers’ hopes and stories, which lose or change meaning when passed to daughters across linguistic, cultural and generational divides."},{"text":"Perfect, enduring beauty.","correct":false,"explanation":"Physical beauty overlooks the feather’s role as a message passed between generations. It symbolizes fragile, imperfect communication, especially when cultural and linguistic barriers distort meaning."},{"text":"Material, financial success.","correct":false,"explanation":"The feather does not primarily represent financial aspiration or prosperity. It symbolizes fragile, imperfect communication between mothers and daughters separated by language, culture and experience."},{"text":"Defiant, youthful rebellion.","correct":false,"explanation":"Open rebellion is associated with conflicts such as Jing-mei’s resistance, not with the feather itself. The feather symbolizes fragile, imperfect communication across generations."}]},{"id":"097183e8-5248-40a2-be92-24e6bd64549f","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Suyuan wants “the best combination”: [ ] and [ ].","back":"Suyuan wants “the best combination”: American circumstances and Chinese character.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Suyuan wants “the best combination”: American circumstances and Chinese character.","correct":true,"explanation":"Suyuan imagines combining the opportunities available in America with virtues she associates with Chinese identity, hoping her daughter can benefit from both cultures."},{"text":"Suyuan wants “the best combination”: Chinese circumstances and American character.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses Suyuan’s cultural distinction. She associates external opportunity with American circumstances and inner virtues such as strength and obedience with Chinese character."},{"text":"Suyuan wants “the best combination”: American wealth and Chinese fame.","correct":false,"explanation":"Wealth and fame narrow Suyuan’s hopes to material achievement and celebrity. Her actual ideal combines American circumstances with Chinese character."},{"text":"Suyuan wants “the best combination”: American freedom and Chinese rebellion.","correct":false,"explanation":"Freedom and rebellion describe the individualism that later causes conflict, rather than Suyuan’s ideal combination. She wants American circumstances alongside Chinese character."}]},{"id":"605c2550-82ee-4507-a68a-7ac4acb7f135","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Who expresses the hope for “American circumstances and Chinese character”?","back":"Suyuan Woo.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Suyuan Woo.","correct":true,"explanation":"Jing-mei recalls her mother Suyuan expressing this immigrant ideal: American opportunities would be combined with the resilience, discipline and obedience she associates with Chinese identity."},{"text":"Jing-mei Woo.","correct":false,"explanation":"Jing-mei is the daughter expected to embody this cultural combination, not the mother who voices the hope. The speaker expressing the ideal is Suyuan Woo."},{"text":"Lindo Jong.","correct":false,"explanation":"Lindo is another mother in the wider novel, making her a plausible confusion, but this particular hope is expressed by Jing-mei’s mother, Suyuan Woo."},{"text":"An-mei Hsu.","correct":false,"explanation":"An-mei shares themes of Chinese motherhood and migration, but she does not express this quoted hope. It belongs specifically to Suyuan Woo."}]},{"id":"425bf5b5-77a6-42a2-9dc2-76ebc9c076ba","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What dream is suggested by “American circumstances”?","back":"The American Dream: success, freedom and choices.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The American Dream: success, freedom and choices.","correct":true,"explanation":"The phrase evokes the American Dream because Suyuan believes America offers social mobility, personal freedom and numerous possibilities for her daughter’s future."},{"text":"The Chinese tradition: duty, honour and obedience.","correct":false,"explanation":"Suyuan’s phrase concerns the opportunities she associates with America, not a return to inherited customs. It suggests the American Dream: success, freedom and choices."},{"text":"The celebrity fantasy: fame, wealth and admiration.","correct":false,"explanation":"The phrase presents America as a place of possibility rather than guaranteed fame or luxury. It invokes the American Dream: success, freedom and choices."},{"text":"The immigrant nightmare: failure, isolation and limits.","correct":false,"explanation":"Although conflict eventually develops, the phrase itself expresses optimistic hopes rather than cultural alienation. It suggests the American Dream: success, freedom and choices."}]},{"id":"b601480b-28bf-4480-8b62-c707c00793f9","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does Suyuan see America as safe opportunity?","back":"She survived the Japanese invasion of China.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"She survived the Japanese invasion of China.","correct":true,"explanation":"Suyuan’s experience of wartime violence and loss makes America appear secure by contrast, while its social mobility offers her daughter opportunities unavailable during the invasion."},{"text":"She survived the Chinese Cultural Revolution.","correct":false,"explanation":"The Cultural Revolution is a different historical period and is not the formative danger behind Suyuan’s outlook. She survived the Japanese invasion of China."},{"text":"She survived the American Civil War.","correct":false,"explanation":"The American Civil War occurred long before Suyuan’s lifetime and cannot explain her migration. Her sense of America as safe derives from surviving the Japanese invasion of China."},{"text":"She survived the Chinese invasion of Tibet.","correct":false,"explanation":"The Communist invasion of Tibet concerns a different place and historical experience. Suyuan views America as secure after surviving the Japanese invasion of China."}]},{"id":"53726b48-2beb-4153-9ccd-9dddc43fb410","cardType":"basic","points":3,"front":"What values are contained in “Chinese character”?","back":"

Filial piety
Inner strength and patience
Swallowing sorrow

","mcqOptions":[{"text":"

Filial piety
Inner strength and patience
Swallowing sorrow

","correct":true,"explanation":"Suyuan associates Chinese character with respect for parents, quiet endurance and emotional restraint. These inherited virtues shape what she expects from her daughter."},{"text":"

Personal freedom
Open rebellion and ambition
Expressing anger

","correct":false,"explanation":"These qualities describe the American individualism that challenges Suyuan’s expectations. Chinese character instead includes filial piety, inner strength and patience, and swallowing sorrow."},{"text":"

Financial success
Public fame and recognition
Pursuing wealth

","correct":false,"explanation":"Material aspiration belongs more closely to the promise of American circumstances, not Suyuan’s idea of inherited Chinese virtues: filial piety, inner strength and patience, and swallowing sorrow."},{"text":"

Individual choice
Immediate action and impatience
Sharing sorrow

","correct":false,"explanation":"Self-assertion and emotional openness oppose the restraint and obedience Suyuan values. Chinese character consists of filial piety, inner strength and patience, and swallowing sorrow."}]},{"id":"49b3a8ff-92af-46b5-8bd2-eb88f9f6df50","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"The tragedy is that “American circumstances” foster [ ], clashing with [ ].","back":"The tragedy is that “American circumstances” foster individualism and rebellion, clashing with traditional obedience.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The tragedy is that “American circumstances” foster individualism and rebellion, clashing with traditional obedience.","correct":true,"explanation":"The opportunities and freedoms of American life encourage Jing-mei to assert her independence, placing her in direct conflict with her mother’s traditional expectation of obedience."},{"text":"The tragedy is that “American circumstances” foster traditional obedience, clashing with individualism and rebellion.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the central tension: American life encourages individualism and rebellion, while Suyuan’s inherited Chinese expectations demand traditional obedience."},{"text":"The tragedy is that “American circumstances” foster wealth and achievement, clashing with traditional obedience.","correct":false,"explanation":"Economic success is part of Suyuan’s hope, but it is not the value that causes the mother-daughter clash. The conflict is between individualism and rebellion and traditional obedience."},{"text":"The tragedy is that “American circumstances” foster individualism and rebellion, clashing with filial affection.","correct":false,"explanation":"The first idea accurately describes America’s influence, but filial affection is not what it opposes. Jing-mei’s independence clashes specifically with traditional obedience."}]},{"id":"1b54cd60-6560-47bf-898c-4738bdb422d8","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Suyuan says there are “Only [ ] of daughters”: those who are [ ] and those who follow their own mind.","back":"Suyuan says there are “Only two kinds of daughters”: those who are obedient and those who follow their own mind.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Suyuan says there are “Only two kinds of daughters”: those who are obedient and those who follow their own mind.","correct":true,"explanation":"Suyuan divides daughters into a rigid binary: obedient daughters and those who act independently. Her claim leaves no room for compromise or a mixed identity."},{"text":"Suyuan says there are “Only three kinds of daughters”: those who are obedient and those who follow their own mind.","correct":false,"explanation":"The quotation creates a binary rather than three categories, opposing daughters who are obedient to those who follow their own minds."},{"text":"Suyuan says there are “Only two kinds of daughters”: those who are successful and those who follow their own mind.","correct":false,"explanation":"Suyuan contrasts obedience with independent thought, not daughters’ achievements. She says there are “Only two kinds” and describes the first group as obedient."},{"text":"Suyuan says there are “Only many kinds of daughters”: those who are patient and those who follow their own mind.","correct":false,"explanation":"Patience is part of Suyuan’s wider idea of Chinese character, but the quoted division focuses specifically on obedience versus independence: two kinds of daughters, the first being obedient."}]},{"id":"6d67bfe3-45a1-4f36-b60e-80a3b2771e9a","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Which conflict climaxes in the “two kinds of daughters” quote?","back":"The piano-lessons conflict between Suyuan and Jing-mei.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The piano-lessons conflict between Suyuan and Jing-mei.","correct":true,"explanation":"The declaration occurs at the climax of their struggle over Suyuan’s determination to make Jing-mei practise the piano and become a child prodigy."},{"text":"The Chinese New Year conflict between Suyuan and Jing-mei.","correct":false,"explanation":"Chinese New Year is not the setting of this confrontation. The quotation climaxes the piano-lessons conflict, when Jing-mei finally rebels against Suyuan’s demands."},{"text":"The marriage-choice conflict between Suyuan and Jing-mei.","correct":false,"explanation":"The story does not centre this quotation on disagreement about marriage. It concludes the piano-lessons conflict, expressing Suyuan’s demand for obedience and Jing-mei’s resistance."},{"text":"The English-speaking conflict between Suyuan and Jing-mei.","correct":false,"explanation":"Language and cultural identity matter in the story, but this argument is not about speaking English. It climaxes the piano-lessons conflict between mother and daughter."}]},{"id":"fac3b699-ecb5-41d4-97ad-6cfad18c09c7","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What traditional Chinese value is invoked by “obedient” daughters?","back":"xiao - filial piety and obedience.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"xiao - filial piety and obedience.","correct":true,"explanation":"In Confucian tradition, xiao requires children to respect, obey and care for their parents. Suyuan invokes this duty when defining an acceptable daughter as obedient."},{"text":"ren - benevolence and compassion.","correct":false,"explanation":"Ren concerns humane conduct and compassion towards others, not specifically a child’s obedience to parents. The value invoked here is xiao, meaning filial piety."},{"text":"li - ritual propriety and etiquette.","correct":false,"explanation":"Li refers to proper rituals, manners and socially appropriate behaviour more broadly. The mother’s demand for a daughter’s obedience specifically invokes xiao, or filial piety."},{"text":"mianzi - reputation and social prestige.","correct":false,"explanation":"Mianzi concerns maintaining social standing or “face”, which may influence the mothers but is not the value named by obedience. The relevant principle is xiao, or filial piety."}]},{"id":"7a9eaed4-31a1-41d0-bb20-b17e4e8ee41d","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What American belief is expressed by “follow their own mind”?","back":"Self-actualization.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Self-actualization.","correct":true,"explanation":"Following one’s own mind suggests fulfilling an individual identity and potential rather than accepting a role imposed by family or tradition, which expresses self-actualization."},{"text":"Social conformity.","correct":false,"explanation":"Social conformity means adapting to collective expectations, the opposite of following one’s own mind. The phrase instead expresses self-actualization through independent personal fulfilment."},{"text":"Predestination.","correct":false,"explanation":"Predestination suggests that outcomes are fixed in advance rather than chosen by the individual. Following one’s own mind instead expresses the American ideal of self-actualization."},{"text":"Collective duty.","correct":false,"explanation":"Collective duty prioritises obligations to family or community, whereas the quotation stresses individual choice. The American belief being expressed is self-actualization."}]},{"id":"3b483af3-f665-4c34-9c91-d041d34c4fef","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How does “Only two kinds” make language a weapon?","back":"It imposes absolute binary boundaries.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It imposes absolute binary boundaries.","correct":true,"explanation":"“Only” excludes every alternative, while “two kinds” divides daughters into opposing categories. Suyuan therefore uses language to restrict Jing-mei’s possible identities and choices."},{"text":"It encourages flexible personal compromise.","correct":false,"explanation":"The phrase permits no negotiation or middle position, so it does not encourage compromise. Instead, it imposes absolute binary boundaries that pressure Jing-mei to submit."},{"text":"It creates nuanced moral ambiguity.","correct":false,"explanation":"Nuance would recognise complexity between obedience and disobedience, but “only two kinds” erases that complexity. Its force comes from imposing absolute binary boundaries."},{"text":"It offers open-ended personal alternatives.","correct":false,"explanation":"The restrictive word “only” closes down alternatives rather than opening them. Suyuan weaponises language by imposing absolute binary boundaries on Jing-mei’s identity."}]},{"id":"c5b58e3c-5a1a-4b5a-8fa5-522de1b2dfd7","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why is viewing the mothers’ strictness as mere “pushiness” historically inaccurate?","back":"It ignores war, displacement and survival trauma.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It ignores war, displacement and survival trauma.","correct":true,"explanation":"The mothers’ controlling behaviour is shaped by experiences of wartime loss, migration and insecurity. This context makes their strictness a survival response, not merely personal pushiness."},{"text":"It ignores Jing-mei’s natural musical genius.","correct":false,"explanation":"Jing-mei is not presented as possessing proven musical genius; Suyuan projects that possibility onto her. The historically important omission is the mothers’ experience of war, displacement and survival trauma."},{"text":"It ignores Suyuan’s dislike of American culture.","correct":false,"explanation":"Suyuan does not simply reject American culture; she embraces its promise of opportunity while retaining Chinese expectations. The reductive interpretation instead ignores war, displacement and survival trauma."},{"text":"It ignores the family’s long-standing wealth and security.","correct":false,"explanation":"The family’s history is marked by loss and insecurity rather than long-standing wealth. Calling the mothers merely pushy overlooks the effects of war, displacement and survival trauma."}]}]}],"examCountdown":{"examDate":"2027-05-12","paperLabel":"Paper 1"},"heading":"Key Quotes","title":"Key Quotes Flashcards","topbar":{"backHref":"/igcse/english-literature/edexcel/flashcards"},"topicSidebar":"$L37"}]}],"topicId":"f62ecce1-1d29-535d-980c-3bc67cd1d8a9","walled":"$L38"}],"$L39","$L3a"]