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The danger arises when a single story is treated as the whole truth."},{"text":"a personal opinion","correct":false,"explanation":"Treating a story as a personal opinion limits its authority rather than making it dangerous. Adichie warns against accepting a single story as the whole truth."},{"text":"a cultural tradition","correct":false,"explanation":"A cultural tradition can coexist with alternative perspectives and therefore need not be reductive. The danger comes from treating one account as the whole truth."}]},{"id":"214e7236-e92a-476e-9c61-706f8c8b2e3b","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What is the real problem with stereotypes, according to Adichie?","back":"They are incomplete, not always false.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"They are incomplete, not always false.","correct":true,"explanation":"Adichie explains that stereotypes may contain elements of truth, but they omit other stories and prevent people from being understood in their full complexity."},{"text":"They are invented, not based on reality.","correct":false,"explanation":"Adichie does not argue that stereotypes are necessarily deliberate inventions. Their real problem is that they are incomplete, even when they contain some truth."},{"text":"They are familiar, not always original.","correct":false,"explanation":"Familiarity is not the central problem Adichie identifies. Stereotypes are harmful because they are incomplete and allow one limited account to define the whole subject."},{"text":"They are popular, not always accurate.","correct":false,"explanation":"Stereotypes can be widely repeated, but popularity is not what makes them misleading. Adichie’s point is that they are incomplete rather than invariably false."}]},{"id":"fdc38030-e3f2-4389-abb2-e310efadab26","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Adichie argues we need [ ] because they restore [ ].","back":"Adichie argues we need many stories because they restore complexity.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Adichie argues we need many stories because they restore complexity.","correct":true,"explanation":"Many stories present different experiences and viewpoints, restoring the complexity that a single, reductive narrative removes from individuals, cultures and places."},{"text":"Adichie argues we need one story because they restore certainty.","correct":false,"explanation":"A single story suppresses alternative perspectives and produces an incomplete representation. Adichie therefore calls for many stories, which restore complexity rather than certainty."},{"text":"Adichie argues we need many stories because they restore simplicity.","correct":false,"explanation":"Many stories do not make representations simpler; they reveal differences, contradictions and fuller identities. Adichie argues that multiple narratives restore complexity."},{"text":"Adichie argues we need repeated stories because they restore complexity.","correct":false,"explanation":"Repeated stories can reinforce the same narrow stereotype rather than challenge it. Adichie advocates many different stories because they restore complexity."}]},{"id":"b59cae44-bc01-4b8d-b99f-b6a99ddc9aff","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why did Adichie's early stories include children who were "white and blue-eyed"?","back":"She had read mainly British and American children's books.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"She had read mainly British and American children's books.","correct":true,"explanation":"As a child, Adichie imitated the British and American books available to her, so her characters reflected foreign features and experiences rather than her Nigerian surroundings."},{"text":"She had watched mainly British and American television programmes.","correct":false,"explanation":"Her characters did not come primarily from television stereotypes. Adichie explains that her early imagination was shaped by reading mainly British and American children’s books."},{"text":"She had read mainly Nigerian and African children's books.","correct":false,"explanation":"Adichie was not initially copying African literature; discovering African writers later broadened her sense of who could appear in books. Her early models were British and American children’s books."},{"text":"She had known mainly British and American school children.","correct":false,"explanation":"Her early characters were not based chiefly on white classmates. They reflected the foreign children she encountered in the British and American books she read."}]},{"id":"1b699e99-855b-48d0-825a-81b3e806d159","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What did African writers help Adichie realise?","back":""People like me" could exist in literature.","mcqOptions":[{"text":""People like me" could exist in literature.","correct":true,"explanation":"Encountering African writers showed Adichie that literature could represent people with backgrounds and experiences like hers, not only the foreign characters she had previously read about."},{"text":""People unlike me" could exist in literature.","correct":false,"explanation":"African writers expanded Adichie’s literary imagination rather than persuading her that only foreign lives belonged in books. They showed that “people like me” could exist in literature."},{"text":""White children" could exist in literature.","correct":false,"explanation":"Adichie already knew white, blue-eyed children could appear in stories from her British and American reading. African writers revealed that “people like me” could also exist in literature."},{"text":""Imaginary people" could exist in literature.","correct":false,"explanation":"The realisation concerned representation, not whether imaginary people were permitted in fiction. African writers showed Adichie that “people like me” could exist in literature."}]},{"id":"0f6d0582-9a21-4b38-b5ad-901390f3477e","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What was Adichie's single story of Fide's family?","back":"Poverty.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Poverty.","correct":true,"explanation":"Adichie knew Fide’s family chiefly through descriptions of their hardship, so poverty became the single defining story that prevented her from imagining their creativity."},{"text":"Illness.","correct":false,"explanation":"Adichie’s limited view of Fide’s family was not defined by illness. She saw them only through poverty until the basket revealed their skill and creativity."},{"text":"Laziness.","correct":false,"explanation":"Laziness was not Adichie’s single story of the family, and the handmade basket directly demonstrated their industry. Her reductive understanding was centred on poverty."},{"text":"Isolation.","correct":false,"explanation":"Adichie did not define Fide’s family primarily by isolation. Repeated emphasis on their lack of money reduced her understanding of them to poverty."}]},{"id":"d197fd1e-3666-46be-9ffd-86a629c6b4f2","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What object challenged Adichie's single story of Fide's family?","back":"His brother's beautiful basket.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"His brother's beautiful basket.","correct":true,"explanation":"The beautifully made basket demonstrated Fide’s family’s creativity and skill, qualities Adichie had been unable to imagine while viewing them only through poverty."},{"text":"His brother's bag of rice.","correct":false,"explanation":"Food would reinforce the family’s association with material need rather than expose Adichie’s limited perspective. His brother’s beautiful basket revealed unexpected creativity and skill."},{"text":"His brother's new school uniform.","correct":false,"explanation":"A school uniform would suggest education but is not the object in Adichie’s anecdote. His brother’s beautiful basket challenged her poverty-only view of the family."},{"text":"His brother's carved wooden chair.","correct":false,"explanation":"A wooden chair is a plausible handmade object but not the one Adichie describes. It was his brother’s beautiful basket that revealed the family’s creativity."}]},{"id":"b0eeaaea-2040-4651-a202-02f7679f54b6","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What phrase describes the roommate's attitude to Adichie?","back":""Patronizing, well-meaning pity".","mcqOptions":[{"text":""Patronizing, well-meaning pity".","correct":true,"explanation":"The phrase captures the roommate’s superficially sympathetic but condescending response: she assumed Adichie was helpless and defined by stereotypical images of Africa."},{"text":""Hostile, ill-meaning contempt".","correct":false,"explanation":"The roommate did not respond with openly aggressive contempt; her prejudice appeared as condescending sympathy. Adichie describes it as “patronizing, well-meaning pity”."},{"text":""Respectful, well-informed curiosity".","correct":false,"explanation":"The roommate’s assumptions did not show informed and respectful interest in Adichie’s background. Her attitude was a condescending form of “patronizing, well-meaning pity”."},{"text":""Detached, unfeeling indifference".","correct":false,"explanation":"The roommate was not detached or indifferent; she expressed misplaced sympathy based on a stereotypical view of Africa. Adichie calls this “patronizing, well-meaning pity”."}]},{"id":"7b825fc1-bade-41cc-bad5-3930e332aa49","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"The roommate assumes Adichie listens to [ ], but Adichie listens to [ ].","back":"The roommate assumes Adichie listens to "tribal music", but Adichie listens to Mariah Carey.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The roommate assumes Adichie listens to "tribal music", but Adichie listens to Mariah Carey.","correct":true,"explanation":"The roommate imagines Adichie through a narrow stereotype of African culture, but Adichie reveals that she listens to the internationally popular singer Mariah Carey."},{"text":"The roommate assumes Adichie listens to "tribal music", but Adichie listens to traditional Nigerian music.","correct":false,"explanation":"This keeps the stereotyped assumption but changes the surprising detail. Adichie actually says she listens to Mariah Carey, showing that the roommate’s image of her is too narrow."},{"text":"The roommate assumes Adichie listens to "classical music", but Adichie listens to Mariah Carey.","correct":false,"explanation":"Mariah Carey is the correct example, but the roommate assumes Adichie listens to “tribal music”, not classical music. The contrast exposes his reductive expectations about African identity."},{"text":"The roommate assumes Adichie listens to "tribal music", but Adichie listens to Fela Kuti.","correct":false,"explanation":"Fela Kuti is a plausible Nigerian musician, which makes this tempting, but Adichie names Mariah Carey. Her choice specifically challenges the assumption that Africans have only traditional musical tastes."}]},{"id":"1731b5dd-7485-4e51-9254-8fed1958d115","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What irony undermines the roommate's assumptions about Adichie's English?","back":"English is an official language in Nigeria.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"English is an official language in Nigeria.","correct":true,"explanation":"The roommate’s assumption that Adichie cannot speak English is ironic because English is an official language in Nigeria, partly as a result of the country’s colonial history."},{"text":"English is an unofficial language in Nigeria.","correct":false,"explanation":"The mistake reverses English’s constitutional status in Nigeria. English is an official language there, so assuming Adichie would not speak it is especially uninformed."},{"text":"English is the only language spoken in Nigeria.","correct":false,"explanation":"Nigeria is multilingual, so English is not the only language spoken there. The relevant irony is that English is one of the country’s official languages."},{"text":"English is a language taught only to tourists in Nigeria.","correct":false,"explanation":"English is not restricted to tourists; it is widely used in Nigerian education, government and public life. Its official status undermines the roommate’s assumption about Adichie."}]},{"id":"d5f244ea-0119-4e88-a2fe-182366c7dede","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What emotion does Adichie feel after recognising her single story about Mexicans?","back":"Shame.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Shame.","correct":true,"explanation":"Adichie feels shame when she recognises that she has created her own single story about Mexicans, repeating the same kind of stereotyping that she criticises in others."},{"text":"Guilt.","correct":false,"explanation":"Guilt may seem similar, but Adichie specifically describes feeling shame after recognising her prejudice. This emotion highlights her uncomfortable self-awareness and willingness to examine her assumptions."},{"text":"Pride.","correct":false,"explanation":"Adichie does not feel proud of her assumptions; she realises they were unfair and reductive. She feels shame because she has imposed a single story on Mexicans."},{"text":"Amusement.","correct":false,"explanation":"The discovery is not presented as funny or entertaining. Adichie feels shame because she understands that her own thinking has been shaped by a damaging single story."}]},{"id":"dc0158b6-b4a4-4504-9c0c-2e9f34fac3ed","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does the Mexico anecdote make Adichie's argument more convincing?","back":"It shows she also makes single stories.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It shows she also makes single stories.","correct":true,"explanation":"By admitting that she stereotyped Mexicans, Adichie presents herself as capable of the same mistake. This honesty makes her argument more credible rather than pretending she is above prejudice."},{"text":"It shows she has never experienced prejudice.","correct":false,"explanation":"The anecdote shows the opposite: Adichie recognises her own prejudiced assumptions. Her admission of fallibility strengthens the argument by making it honest and self-critical."},{"text":"It shows Mexicans are responsible for stereotypes.","correct":false,"explanation":"Adichie does not blame Mexicans for the stereotype. She takes responsibility for her own assumptions, demonstrating that anyone can construct a single story about another group."},{"text":"It shows personal anecdotes are less reliable.","correct":false,"explanation":"The anecdote increases the speech’s credibility because Adichie openly exposes her own error. Acknowledging personal bias makes her argument more trustworthy, not less reliable."}]},{"id":"d6fd2559-b15d-40d4-8a4c-17c3aafc9658","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"A single story [ ] by reducing people to [ ].","back":"A single story flattens identity by reducing people to one label.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"A single story flattens identity by reducing people to one label.","correct":true,"explanation":"A single story removes complexity from individuals by presenting one characteristic as their whole identity. The phrases “flattens identity” and “one label” capture this reduction accurately."},{"text":"A single story celebrates identity by reducing people to many perspectives.","correct":false,"explanation":"A single story does not celebrate complexity, and it reduces people to one label rather than many perspectives. The correct description is that it flattens identity."},{"text":"A single story flattens identity by reducing people to their full history.","correct":false,"explanation":"A single story omits complexity rather than including a person’s full history. It flattens identity by reducing someone to one label or limited characteristic."},{"text":"A single story expands identity by reducing people to one label.","correct":false,"explanation":"Reducing someone to one label narrows rather than expands identity. The correct verb is “flattens”, because the single story removes depth and individuality."}]},{"id":"575607a1-f118-420f-a1c6-9d03b517969e","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does Adichie use short personal anecdotes?","back":"To make abstract prejudice concrete.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"To make abstract prejudice concrete.","correct":true,"explanation":"Short personal anecdotes give prejudice recognisable situations and human consequences. They turn an abstract idea into something the audience can visualise, understand and remember."},{"text":"To make personal experience abstract.","correct":false,"explanation":"Adichie uses anecdotes to make abstract prejudice concrete, not to make personal experience abstract. The stories connect a general argument to specific human examples."},{"text":"To make factual evidence entertaining.","correct":false,"explanation":"The anecdotes may engage the audience, but their main purpose is to make abstract prejudice concrete. They illustrate how stereotyping operates in real encounters."},{"text":"To make complex vocabulary shorter.","correct":false,"explanation":"The anecdotes are not mainly a technique for shortening vocabulary. They clarify the idea of abstract prejudice by showing it through brief, memorable personal experiences."}]},{"id":"c1390fab-0405-477e-a8e9-2b112129942d","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How does Adichie's use of "I", "me" and "my" affect the speech?","back":"It creates a personal, reflective voice.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It creates a personal, reflective voice.","correct":true,"explanation":"First-person pronouns place Adichie’s experiences and thoughts at the centre of the speech. This creates an intimate, personal voice while also showing that she reflects critically on her own behaviour."},{"text":"It creates a formal, detached voice.","correct":false,"explanation":"First-person pronouns usually make the speaker sound involved rather than detached. Adichie’s use of “I”, “me” and “my” creates a personal, reflective voice."},{"text":"It creates an objective, academic voice.","correct":false,"explanation":"An objective academic voice would distance the speaker from personal experience. Adichie instead uses first-person pronouns to make the speech personal and self-reflective."},{"text":"It creates a collective, humorous voice.","correct":false,"explanation":"The pronouns refer primarily to Adichie’s individual experiences, not a collective speaker, and they do not by themselves create humour. They establish a personal, reflective voice."}]},{"id":"a27c29e8-fd5d-4e4e-8089-90fabf638430","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"The repeated phrase [ ] makes the roommate's stereotype feel [ ].","back":"The repeated phrase "No possibility" makes the roommate's stereotype feel restrictive.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The repeated phrase "No possibility" makes the roommate's stereotype feel restrictive.","correct":true,"explanation":"Repeating “No possibility” emphasises that the roommate cannot imagine alternatives to his stereotype. This makes his view feel restrictive because it leaves no room for Adichie’s actual individuality."},{"text":"The repeated phrase "No exceptions" makes the roommate's stereotype feel restrictive.","correct":false,"explanation":"“No exceptions” could suggest rigid thinking, but it is not the phrase Adichie repeats. The repeated phrase is “No possibility”, which makes the stereotype feel restrictive."},{"text":"The repeated phrase "No possibility" makes the roommate's stereotype feel inclusive.","correct":false,"explanation":"The phrase closes down alternatives rather than welcoming them. “No possibility” makes the roommate’s stereotype feel restrictive because it prevents him from imagining Adichie as an individual."},{"text":"The repeated phrase "No possibility" makes the roommate's stereotype feel temporary.","correct":false,"explanation":"The repetition suggests certainty and rigidity, not something temporary. It makes the stereotype feel restrictive because the roommate allows no alternative understanding of Adichie."}]},{"id":"76c676d3-b1fd-46fd-b698-b7e54ffa0bc7","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What does "connection as human equals" show about single stories?","back":"They damage human equality.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"They damage human equality.","correct":true,"explanation":"Single stories reduce people to stereotypes and prevent genuine recognition of their shared humanity, damaging the possibility of relating to them as equals."},{"text":"They strengthen human equality.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses Adichie’s argument. Single stories create unequal relationships by reducing people to stereotypes; therefore, they damage human equality rather than strengthen it."},{"text":"They encourage cultural neutrality.","correct":false,"explanation":"This mistakes simplification for neutrality. A single story reflects selective assumptions and power imbalances, so it damages human equality instead of presenting cultures neutrally."},{"text":"They preserve individual complexity.","correct":false,"explanation":"This confuses detailed representation with stereotyping. Single stories erase individual complexity by presenting one limited image as complete, thereby damaging human equality."}]},{"id":"9096617c-c9fc-4e3f-9e38-4a5ac226af27","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does power allow someone to do to another person's story?","back":"Make one version definitive.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Make one version definitive.","correct":true,"explanation":"Power determines which account is repeatedly heard and accepted as authoritative, allowing one limited version of another person’s story to appear final and complete."},{"text":"Make every version equally authoritative.","correct":false,"explanation":"This overlooks the imbalance central to Adichie’s argument. Power privileges one account over competing perspectives, making that version definitive rather than treating all versions equally."},{"text":"Make one version open to challenge.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the effect of unequal power. The dominant account is often protected from challenge and made definitive, while alternative versions are ignored or suppressed."},{"text":"Make each version fully objective.","correct":false,"explanation":"This confuses authority with objectivity. Power cannot make stories completely unbiased; it can make one selective version seem definitive by controlling which account is heard."}]},{"id":"a740b8cc-8fcf-4a81-bf95-1c1ecd6e0bc8","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why is "definitive" important in Adichie's argument about power?","back":"It suggests finality: one partial story seems complete.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It suggests finality: one partial story seems complete.","correct":true,"explanation":"The word implies that the story has been settled permanently, showing how power can make a limited account appear complete and exclude alternative perspectives."},{"text":"It suggests uncertainty: one partial story seems questionable.","correct":false,"explanation":"This treats “definitive” as doubtful when it actually implies finality and authority. Adichie’s concern is that a partial story is wrongly accepted as complete."},{"text":"It suggests variety: several partial stories seem complete.","correct":false,"explanation":"This confuses a single story with multiple perspectives. “Definitive” suggests finality, meaning one limited account is treated as complete while other stories are excluded."},{"text":"It suggests accuracy: one detailed story seems objective.","correct":false,"explanation":"This mistakes perceived authority for factual accuracy. “Definitive” emphasises finality: power makes one partial story appear complete, not necessarily accurate or objective."}]},{"id":"bfb389d5-2a4d-4453-a48a-d3cfca805017","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"The speech's structure moves from [ ] to a [ ].","back":"The speech's structure moves from personal memory to a global argument.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The speech's structure moves from personal memory to a global argument.","correct":true,"explanation":"Adichie begins with autobiographical experiences and gradually broadens their significance, using personal examples to develop a worldwide argument about stereotypes, representation and power."},{"text":"The speech's structure moves from global argument to a personal memory.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the structural progression. Adichie starts with personal memories, then expands outward to form a global argument about the creation and dangers of single stories."},{"text":"The speech's structure moves from historical evidence to a global argument.","correct":false,"explanation":"This mistakes Adichie’s autobiographical opening for formal historical evidence. The speech begins with personal memory before widening into a global argument about representation."},{"text":"The speech's structure moves from personal memory to a comic conclusion.","correct":false,"explanation":"This misreads moments of humour as the speech’s final purpose. Adichie develops her personal memories into a serious global argument, although the conclusion becomes hopeful."}]},{"id":"eef0cddd-328b-44b5-b6cc-a178fdbf9d02","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How does the ending change the speech's tone?","back":"It becomes hopeful, not despairing.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It becomes hopeful, not despairing.","correct":true,"explanation":"The ending presents the rejection of single stories as a way to regain dignity and connection, leaving the audience with optimism that change is possible."},{"text":"It becomes pessimistic, not hopeful.","correct":false,"explanation":"This focuses only on the dangers described earlier. The ending offers the possibility of restoring dignity through multiple stories, so the tone becomes hopeful rather than pessimistic."},{"text":"It becomes detached, not personal.","correct":false,"explanation":"This confuses the widening argument with emotional distance. Adichie ends by stressing restored dignity and human connection, creating a hopeful tone rather than a detached one."},{"text":"It becomes accusatory, not reflective.","correct":false,"explanation":"This overemphasises Adichie’s criticism of unequal power. Her conclusion looks towards recovery and shared understanding, making the final tone hopeful instead of primarily accusatory."}]}]}],"examCountdown":{"examDate":"2027-05-24","paperLabel":"Paper 1"},"heading":"The Danger of a Single Story – Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie","title":"The Danger of a Single Story – Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Flashcards","topbar":{"backHref":"/igcse/english-language/edexcel/a/flashcards"},"topicSidebar":"$L37"}]}],"topicId":"7eb7fff4-e718-5419-ace0-ad0186300980","walled":"$L38"}],"$L39","$L3a"]