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when the Bosnian city was surrounded and attacked during the Bosnian War in the 1990s."},{"text":"The Kosovo conflict in the 1990s.","correct":false,"explanation":"The 1990s setting may make the Kosovo conflict tempting, but the poem specifically focuses on Sarajevo, which was under siege during the Bosnian War."},{"text":"The Gulf War in the 1990s.","correct":false,"explanation":"The Gulf War also occurred in the early 1990s, but it was fought in the Middle East, not in Sarajevo. The poem is rooted in the Bosnian siege."},{"text":"The partition of India in the 1940s.","correct":false,"explanation":"Partition involved widespread violence and civilian suffering, but it happened decades earlier in South Asia. Harrison’s poem describes life during the 1990s siege of Sarajevo."}]},{"id":"9a7fc5e7-168d-437f-9417-78c38ba9fc0f","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What central contrast gives the poem its power?","back":"Violence is set beside tenderness.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Violence is set beside tenderness.","correct":true,"explanation":"The poem places the dangers and brutality of the siege alongside a gentle moment of attraction, making tenderness appear as a form of human resilience."},{"text":"Wealth is set beside poverty.","correct":false,"explanation":"Material hardship is present, but the poem’s main structural contrast is not between different economic classes. It places wartime violence beside personal tenderness and romance."},{"text":"Nature is set beside industry.","correct":false,"explanation":"The poem is not principally organised around natural and industrial imagery. Its power comes from contrasting the surrounding violence with the couple’s gentle human connection."},{"text":"Childhood is set beside old age.","correct":false,"explanation":"Different generations are not the poem’s central opposition. Harrison instead contrasts the destructive conditions of war with the tenderness shown by the young couple."}]},{"id":"293d46df-96ec-462f-b57f-665c09e0bb1d","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Harrison shows that war damages ordinary life, but does not completely [ ] it.","back":"Harrison shows that war damages ordinary life, but does not completely destroy it.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"destroy","correct":true,"explanation":"The verb shows that war causes severe damage to ordinary life, while the word “completely” leaves room for human connection, pleasure and resilience to survive."},{"text":"erase","correct":false,"explanation":"The idea of total erasure is too absolute for the poem’s message. Harrison presents ordinary life as damaged but still capable of surviving through social contact and romance."},{"text":"celebrate","correct":false,"explanation":"War does not make ordinary life celebratory; it restricts movement and creates danger. The poem’s point is that hardship cannot entirely destroy every human pleasure."},{"text":"improve","correct":false,"explanation":"The conflict makes daily life more difficult rather than better. The poem acknowledges damage while showing that some ordinary human experiences continue despite the war."}]},{"id":"f5bd95b1-be6a-4866-a1b4-7e52acf8760b","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Which basic supply is described as "precious meagre grams"?","back":"Bread.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Bread.","correct":true,"explanation":"The phrase describes a small bread ration. Calling the grams “precious” shows that this basic food is scarce and therefore especially important to people living through the siege."},{"text":"Water.","correct":false,"explanation":"Water was also an essential scarce resource during the siege, making it a tempting answer, but the poem specifically associates the measured grams with bread."},{"text":"Medicine.","correct":false,"explanation":"Medicine could be precious during wartime, but it is not normally described as a ration of grams in this image. Harrison is referring to the limited supply of bread."},{"text":"Coal.","correct":false,"explanation":"Coal might be rationed during a conflict, but the quotation points to food measured in small grams. The basic supply identified in the poem is bread."}]},{"id":"fd0b4edc-f90c-4fbe-8d0f-edacf7315631","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What does "precious meagre grams" suggest about the bread ration?","back":"It is tiny and valuable.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It is tiny and valuable.","correct":true,"explanation":"“Meagre” emphasises the very small quantity, while “precious” suggests that the bread is highly valued because scarcity has made each gram important."},{"text":"It is large and cheap.","correct":false,"explanation":"Both adjectives reverse the quotation’s implications. “Meagre” means very small, while “precious” indicates high value rather than cheapness."},{"text":"It is ordinary and plentiful.","correct":false,"explanation":"The bread is not presented as easy to obtain or abundant. The unusual emphasis on its grams shows scarcity, and “precious” shows its importance."},{"text":"It is fresh and unimportant.","correct":false,"explanation":"The quotation gives no emphasis to freshness and strongly suggests the opposite of unimportance. Scarcity makes the bread valuable, even though the amount available is tiny."}]},{"id":"af1c8520-2ac0-433a-affc-56d7d29bfe06","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How does "dodging snipers" change ordinary errands?","back":"They become life-threatening.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"They become life-threatening.","correct":true,"explanation":"The ordinary task of obtaining food is transformed by the danger of sniper fire. The phrase shows how war makes routine movement potentially fatal."},{"text":"They become inconvenient.","correct":false,"explanation":"Inconvenience is far too weak for the danger described. Dodging snipers means that an everyday errand can expose someone to serious injury or death."},{"text":"They become entertaining.","correct":false,"explanation":"The movement may involve tension and urgency, but it is not presented as entertainment. Sniper fire turns a normal errand into a deadly risk."},{"text":"They become predictable.","correct":false,"explanation":"Sniper fire makes journeys uncertain and dangerous rather than predictable. The phrase highlights how war disrupts ordinary routines by introducing the possibility of sudden death."}]},{"id":"67f7a613-5683-4ed5-8d5b-0c0a7557e030","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"The poem shifts from [ ] to night-time social life and romance.","back":"The poem shifts from daytime hardship to night-time social life and romance.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"daytime hardship","correct":true,"explanation":"The poem first presents the danger and scarcity of daily life before moving towards evening encounters, showing a striking change from wartime difficulty to social and romantic possibility."},{"text":"night-time romance","correct":false,"explanation":"Night-time romance is the destination of the shift, not its starting point. The poem moves away from the difficulties of the day towards the couple’s evening connection."},{"text":"wartime celebration","correct":false,"explanation":"Although the poem finds moments of joy during war, the opening situation is characterised by daytime difficulty and danger, not by a general celebration."},{"text":"peaceful routine","correct":false,"explanation":"The daytime world is not peaceful or routine because errands involve scarcity and sniper fire. The contrast begins with hardship before moving to night-time social life."}]},{"id":"f5a6c3d5-a009-41d7-867a-eccdd047a269","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What does "strollers’ pace" suggest about the young people’s walk?","back":"It seems leisurely and calm.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It seems leisurely and calm.","correct":true,"explanation":"A stroller moves without hurry, so the phrase gives the young people’s walk a relaxed quality. This calmness contrasts with the danger surrounding them during the siege."},{"text":"It seems hurried and frantic.","correct":false,"explanation":"Those adjectives suggest panic and speed, which conflict with the unhurried implication of strolling. The phrase creates a calm contrast with the surrounding wartime danger."},{"text":"It seems cautious and secretive.","correct":false,"explanation":"The couple may be aware of danger, but the phrase itself focuses on an unhurried manner rather than concealment. Its effect is relaxed and calm, not secretive."},{"text":"It seems tired and miserable.","correct":false,"explanation":"The siege creates hardship, but “strollers’ pace” does not directly suggest exhaustion or misery. It presents the movement as relaxed, helping the couple retain normal social behaviour."}]},{"id":"9e553ae6-faba-4fdb-9bf3-8d57e9d4b78b","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why is the "strollers’ pace" surprising?","back":"It happens amid destroyed, dangerous streets.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It happens amid destroyed, dangerous streets.","correct":true,"explanation":"A leisurely pace would normally imply safety, yet the civilians are walking through streets damaged by conflict and exposed to continuing danger. Their calm movement is therefore striking."},{"text":"It happens amid crowded, congested streets.","correct":false,"explanation":"Crowded streets could naturally force people to walk slowly, so that would not create the poem’s central surprise. Their pace is unexpected because the surrounding streets are destroyed and dangerous."},{"text":"It happens amid peaceful, familiar streets.","correct":false,"explanation":"Peaceful, familiar surroundings would make strolling unsurprising rather than remarkable. The phrase stands out because the civilians maintain this relaxed pace amid destroyed, dangerous streets."},{"text":"It happens amid rebuilt, protected streets.","correct":false,"explanation":"Newly rebuilt streets would suggest safety and recovery, making a strolling pace appropriate. Harrison instead places this ordinary behaviour amid streets that remain destroyed and dangerous."}]},{"id":"60a8cba7-aa79-49d9-8b78-87d3cf575779","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"The line "that’s just not the case" marks the poem’s [ ].","back":"The line "that’s just not the case" marks the poem’s turning point.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"turning point","correct":true,"explanation":"The phrase rejects the preceding account of what darkness means and redirects the poem towards young people meeting and flirting, so it marks a clear turning point."},{"text":"enjambment","correct":false,"explanation":"Enjambment occurs when a sentence continues across a line break, whereas this phrase is significant because it changes the poem’s direction. The correct term is turning point."},{"text":"refrain","correct":false,"explanation":"A refrain is a repeated line or phrase, but this phrase functions by rejecting the previous idea and redirecting the poem. It therefore marks a turning point."},{"text":"climax","correct":false,"explanation":"A climax is the point of greatest intensity, not simply a shift in direction. By correcting the previous account and introducing romance, the line creates a turning point."}]},{"id":"914e96af-d87e-47c5-8741-fb4509e4dbcb","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What effect does darkness have on "Muslim, Serb or Croat" identities?","back":"It blurs divisions and emphasises shared humanity.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It blurs divisions and emphasises shared humanity.","correct":true,"explanation":"In darkness, visible signs that might identify people as Muslim, Serb or Croat disappear. This weakens ethnic distinctions and foregrounds their common human experiences and desires."},{"text":"It sharpens divisions and emphasises ethnic hostility.","correct":false,"explanation":"Darkness conceals visible differences rather than sharpening them. By making the ethnic groups harder to distinguish, it blurs divisions and emphasises the humanity they share."},{"text":"It erases identities and emphasises total anonymity.","correct":false,"explanation":"The darkness does not erase the civilians’ identities or make them anonymous in a dehumanising way. Instead, it blurs divisive labels and foregrounds their shared humanity."},{"text":"It reinforces boundaries and emphasises separate communities.","correct":false,"explanation":"The young people are not separated into rival groups by the darkness. Their identities become less visible, so ethnic divisions blur and their common humanity becomes more prominent."}]},{"id":"65d502ec-5566-420e-99b5-f9236fbe4471","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How do "hjleb", "hleb" and "kruh" work in the poem?","back":"They show cultural difference and a shared need.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"They show cultural difference and a shared need.","correct":true,"explanation":"The three words are different ethnic or linguistic forms for bread, marking cultural distinctions. Because all denote the same essential food, they also reveal a need shared across communities."},{"text":"They show military rivalry and a strategic aim.","correct":false,"explanation":"The different words do not demonstrate military rivalry, and bread is not a strategic aim. They represent cultural difference while revealing the shared human need for food."},{"text":"They show political unity and a separate ambition.","correct":false,"explanation":"Using three distinct words highlights linguistic and cultural variety rather than political unity. Their common meaning, bread, points to a shared need rather than separate ambitions."},{"text":"They show foreign influence and a luxury desire.","correct":false,"explanation":"The words belong to local languages and do not suggest foreign influence or luxury. Their variations express cultural difference, while their meaning identifies the same basic need."}]},{"id":"301d0411-cd43-455d-8ba9-12ba35f9e9e7","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Placing queues and snipers beside flirting is an example of [ ].","back":"Placing queues and snipers beside flirting is an example of juxtaposition.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"juxtaposition","correct":true,"explanation":"Juxtaposition places sharply contrasting details close together. Setting queues and sniper danger beside ordinary flirting highlights how romance and normal life persist during war."},{"text":"personification","correct":false,"explanation":"Personification gives human qualities to something non-human, which is not the main technique here. The placement of wartime danger beside flirting is juxtaposition."},{"text":"alliteration","correct":false,"explanation":"Alliteration repeats initial consonant sounds, but the effect here comes from contrasting subject matter rather than sound. Queues and snipers placed beside flirting create juxtaposition."},{"text":"euphemism","correct":false,"explanation":"A euphemism softens an unpleasant idea, whereas queues and snipers present wartime reality directly. Their proximity to flirting creates a contrast called juxtaposition."}]},{"id":"137b7d2d-08f3-4ab4-be7e-78198e46aa2f","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How does Harrison present normality as resistance?","back":"Civilians reclaim the streets for social life.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Civilians reclaim the streets for social life.","correct":true,"explanation":"By walking, meeting and pursuing romance despite the siege, civilians refuse to let violence control public space. Their ordinary social behaviour symbolically reclaims the streets."},{"text":"Civilians abandon the streets for private safety.","correct":false,"explanation":"Harrison does not present hiding indoors as the main form of resistance. Civilians resist the siege’s control by reclaiming the streets for ordinary social life."},{"text":"Civilians militarise the streets for armed conflict.","correct":false,"explanation":"The civilians are not shown turning public space into a battlefield. Their resistance lies in reclaiming the streets for social interaction, preserving normality rather than adopting violence."},{"text":"Civilians yield the streets to military control.","correct":false,"explanation":"The poem does not suggest civilians surrender public life to soldiers. By continuing to walk, meet and flirt, they reclaim the streets for social life."}]},{"id":"de5947d2-f571-45d6-83e0-71047a62e93f","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What two worlds are mixed in "tender radar"?","back":"

War and detection technology
Romance and emotional intimacy

","mcqOptions":[{"text":"

War and detection technology
Romance and emotional intimacy

","correct":true,"explanation":"“Radar” evokes military surveillance and detection, while “tender” conveys affection and sensitivity. The oxymoronic phrase therefore fuses the worlds of warfare and romance."},{"text":"

Science and laboratory measurement
Nature and physical instinct

","correct":false,"explanation":"Although the phrase involves detection, “tender” does not evoke scientific measurement. It suggests affection, while “radar” draws on wartime technology, combining war with romance."},{"text":"

Religion and spiritual devotion
Politics and national authority

","correct":false,"explanation":"“Radar” belongs to military detection rather than religious ritual, and “tender” suggests intimacy rather than political authority. The phrase combines war with romance."},{"text":"

Commerce and financial exchange
Home and domestic security

","correct":false,"explanation":"The phrase is not built from commercial and domestic imagery. “Radar” recalls wartime detection, while “tender” introduces affection, mixing war and romantic intimacy."}]},{"id":"d9920b08-ba82-495b-9f45-d935bd6af778","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What does "tender radar" suggest the young people do in darkness?","back":"They read tiny emotional signals.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"They read tiny emotional signals.","correct":true,"explanation":"Unable to rely fully on sight, the young people sensitively detect subtle signs of attraction and feeling. “Radar” metaphorically describes their reading of tiny emotional signals."},{"text":"They track distant military aircraft.","correct":false,"explanation":"The phrase refers metaphorically to sensitivity between young people, not to literal military equipment. In darkness, they read tiny emotional signals that communicate attraction."},{"text":"They locate hidden physical dangers.","correct":false,"explanation":"“Tender” makes the detection affectionate and interpersonal rather than focused on physical threats. The young people use sensitivity to read tiny emotional signals in the darkness."},{"text":"They ignore subtle romantic gestures.","correct":false,"explanation":"The young people are not portrayed as ignoring one another’s feelings. “Tender radar” suggests heightened sensitivity, allowing them to read tiny emotional signals despite the darkness."}]},{"id":"c895bf5d-eed1-4935-8cd6-7840ee0e41b7","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does "shell scars" suggest about the city?","back":"The city seems wounded.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The city seems wounded.","correct":true,"explanation":"Scars imply lasting physical injury, so describing shell damage this way personifies Sarajevo as a wounded body marked by the violence of war."},{"text":"The city seems protected.","correct":false,"explanation":"Scars are evidence of damage rather than protection. The city seems wounded because shelling has left permanent marks resembling injuries on a body."},{"text":"The city seems untouched.","correct":false,"explanation":"The shell marks show that Sarajevo has suffered direct violence, not escaped it. The city therefore seems wounded, like a damaged human body."},{"text":"The city seems decorated.","correct":false,"explanation":"Shell scars are destructive marks rather than decorative features. They make the city seem wounded by turning bomb damage into an image of bodily injury."}]},{"id":"5e9e2282-6a7f-4a98-a937-a9740a525f0f","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What do the rain-filled shell holes reflect?","back":"The Pleiades, a cluster of stars.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The Pleiades, a cluster of stars.","correct":true,"explanation":"Rainwater in the shell holes mirrors the Pleiades, allowing the beauty of a star cluster to appear within physical damage caused by war."},{"text":"The Milky Way, a band of stars.","correct":false,"explanation":"The poem names the Pleiades, not the Milky Way. Their reflection places a distinct cluster of stars within the rain-filled scars left by shelling."},{"text":"The Orion, a constellation of stars.","correct":false,"explanation":"Orion is a tempting alternative because it is a familiar star pattern, but the poem specifically identifies the reflected stars as the Pleiades."},{"text":"The Moon, Earth’s natural satellite.","correct":false,"explanation":"The reflection consists of multiple points of starlight rather than Earth’s single satellite. The poem specifically presents the Pleiades, a cluster of stars."}]},{"id":"ee185f50-71b6-4969-bb2a-47b2520afeca","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What is the effect of "splintered Pleiades"?","back":"Beauty seems shattered by war.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Beauty seems shattered by war.","correct":true,"explanation":""Splintered" suggests that the reflected stars have been broken apart by the shell holes, symbolically showing natural beauty shattered by wartime violence."},{"text":"Beauty seems untouched by war.","correct":false,"explanation":"The adjective "splintered" suggests breakage rather than preservation. Beauty seems shattered by war because the stars appear fragmented within shell damage."},{"text":"Beauty seems created by war.","correct":false,"explanation":"The image contrasts celestial beauty with destruction; it does not present warfare as beautiful. Beauty seems shattered by war through the fragmented reflection."},{"text":"Beauty seems restored after war.","correct":false,"explanation":"The stars do not repair the damaged city or end its conflict. Their splintered reflection instead suggests that beauty has been shattered by war."}]},{"id":"fad871ef-462d-4b17-a85b-945e87f94174","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why is the final shell-hole image disturbing?","back":"Stars appear inside wounds made by violence.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Stars appear inside wounds made by violence.","correct":true,"explanation":"The beautiful stars are reflected in shell holes, which resemble bodily wounds inflicted on the city. This unsettlingly combines celestial beauty with evidence of violence."},{"text":"Stars appear inside pools formed by rainfall.","correct":false,"explanation":"Treating the holes as harmless puddles overlooks their origin in shelling. The image is disturbing because stars appear inside wounds made by violence."},{"text":"Stars appear inside shelters offering protection.","correct":false,"explanation":"The shell holes are signs of destruction, not shelter from danger. The disturbing contrast places beautiful stars inside wounds made by violence."},{"text":"Stars appear inside cracks caused by age.","correct":false,"explanation":"The marks were produced by artillery rather than ordinary urban decay. Stars appear inside wounds made by violence, combining beauty with the physical consequences of war."}]},{"id":"3739955c-c8ee-478b-8355-78a585bcf6de","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"The poem uses [ ] through contrasts of light and darkness.","back":"The poem uses visual imagery through contrasts of light and darkness.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"visual imagery","correct":true,"explanation":"Contrasting brightness and darkness appeals directly to sight, making visual imagery the relevant technique and reinforcing the opposition between hope and wartime danger."},{"text":"auditory imagery","correct":false,"explanation":"Auditory imagery concerns sound, whereas light and darkness are perceived through sight. The contrasting descriptions therefore create visual imagery."},{"text":"tactile imagery","correct":false,"explanation":"Tactile imagery evokes touch, texture or temperature, not changes in brightness. Contrasts of light and darkness are examples of visual imagery."},{"text":"personification","correct":false,"explanation":"Personification gives human qualities to something non-human, which is not what the contrast itself does. Light and darkness primarily produce visual imagery."}]},{"id":"cd0c9835-4ccc-49a4-a6e7-dad32a1dadff","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What effect do the rhyming couplets create?","back":"They suggest order and flow amid chaos.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"They suggest order and flow amid chaos.","correct":true,"explanation":"The paired rhymes impose a regular pattern and forward movement on descriptions of wartime suffering, suggesting order and flow amid the surrounding chaos."},{"text":"They suggest disorder and fragmentation amid chaos.","correct":false,"explanation":"Regular couplets organise the poem rather than fragmenting it. They suggest order and flow, creating formal control despite the chaos being described."},{"text":"They suggest randomness and disruption amid chaos.","correct":false,"explanation":"Rhyme establishes an audible pattern rather than randomness. The couplets suggest order and flow, contrasting with the unpredictable violence of the siege."},{"text":"They suggest hesitation and stagnation amid chaos.","correct":false,"explanation":"The recurring rhymes help propel the poem forward rather than making it static. They suggest order and flow within the surrounding wartime chaos."}]},{"id":"ea30d564-eca7-4677-91ab-73fd7c478647","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why is the "bread" / "dead" rhyme shocking?","back":"It links survival with death.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It links survival with death.","correct":true,"explanation":"Bread represents the necessities that keep civilians alive, while "dead" introduces fatal violence. Their rhyme brings survival and death into disturbing proximity."},{"text":"It links abundance with celebration.","correct":false,"explanation":"Bread is presented as a scarce necessity rather than a sign of abundance, while "dead" is not celebratory. The rhyme links survival with death."},{"text":"It links routine with safety.","correct":false,"explanation":"Queuing for bread may be routine, but the nearby possibility of death makes it unsafe. The rhyme therefore links survival with death."},{"text":"It links hunger with hope.","correct":false,"explanation":"The rhyme does not offer optimistic relief from hunger. Instead, bread as a means of survival is placed beside the constant threat of death."}]},{"id":"2d0a3702-0214-4a00-a394-1612094d633e","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What is the effect of the long opening list of hardships?","back":"It makes daily survival feel heavy before the surprise.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It makes daily survival feel heavy before the surprise.","correct":true,"explanation":"Accumulating details of queuing, deprivation and danger burdens the opening with hardship. This makes survival feel heavy before the unexpected shift towards romance."},{"text":"It makes daily survival feel effortless before the surprise.","correct":false,"explanation":"The extended catalogue stresses repeated hardship rather than ease. It makes daily survival feel heavy, preparing a strong contrast with the poem’s later surprise."},{"text":"It makes daily survival feel cheerful before the surprise.","correct":false,"explanation":"The hardships establish an oppressive mood rather than a cheerful one. Their accumulation makes daily survival feel heavy before the surprising emergence of love and beauty."},{"text":"It makes daily survival feel remote before the surprise.","correct":false,"explanation":"The detailed list makes civilian suffering immediate rather than remote. Its cumulative weight makes daily survival feel heavy before the poem’s unexpected change in focus."}]},{"id":"c15aeb93-b60c-4229-b146-89cee9cacaec","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What is the effect of zooming from crowd to couple to ground?","back":"Private romance is placed over public trauma.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Private romance is placed over public trauma.","correct":true,"explanation":"The narrowing focus foregrounds the couple’s intimate moment while the damaged ground recalls Sarajevo’s suffering, layering private tenderness over the continuing reality of public trauma."},{"text":"Public celebration is placed over private happiness.","correct":false,"explanation":"The movement narrows towards an intimate relationship rather than presenting a collective celebration. The scarred ground preserves the wider context, so private romance is placed over public trauma."},{"text":"Private romance is freed from public trauma.","correct":false,"explanation":"The zoom does not show the couple escaping or forgetting the conflict, because the final focus on the ground recalls its violence. Private romance is placed over public trauma."},{"text":"Public solidarity is placed over private isolation.","correct":false,"explanation":"The sequence moves from the public crowd towards the private couple, not from isolation towards community. Its effect is to place private romance over the city’s public trauma."}]},{"id":"40b47fc1-69fc-4597-a511-da9693e99edf","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"The tone shifts from [ ] to tender, then [ ].","back":"The tone shifts from bleak and documentary-like to tender, then haunted and reflective.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The tone shifts from bleak and documentary-like to tender, then haunted and reflective.","correct":true,"explanation":"The opening records deprivation and danger in a stark, observational manner; the lovers create tenderness, before the imagery of war leaves the ending haunted and reflective."},{"text":"The tone shifts from cheerful and celebratory to tender, then haunted and reflective.","correct":false,"explanation":"The opening is not cheerful or celebratory: it depicts civilians queuing amid wartime deprivation. The poem begins bleakly, becomes tender around the couple, and ends haunted and reflective."},{"text":"The tone shifts from bleak and documentary-like to tender, then triumphant and optimistic.","correct":false,"explanation":"Although the middle becomes tender, the ending does not become triumphant because the conflict’s physical and emotional scars remain. The final tone is therefore haunted and reflective."},{"text":"The tone shifts from haunted and reflective to tender, then bleak and documentary-like.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the poem’s emotional movement. Harrison begins with stark observation of wartime hardship, briefly focuses on tenderness, then returns to the conflict’s haunting consequences."}]}]}],"examCountdown":{"examDate":"2027-05-24","paperLabel":"Paper 1"},"heading":"The Bright Lights of Sarajevo – Tony Harrison","title":"The Bright Lights of Sarajevo – Tony Harrison Flashcards","topbar":{"backHref":"/igcse/english-language/edexcel/a/flashcards"},"topicSidebar":"$L37"}]}],"topicId":"9236f396-009d-5f7c-ad21-bb6d78795e5b","walled":"$L38"}],"$L39","$L3a"]