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Organic chemistry

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Question 23

Crude oil is a complex mixture of organic compounds that serves as a vital source of energy and chemical raw materials.

a.

Define the term hydrocarbon in terms of the chemical elements it contains.

[1]
b.

Crude oil is processed in an industrial refinery using fractional distillation.

State what is meant by the chemical term fraction in this context.

[1]
c.

Describe the industrial process of fractional distillation used to separate crude oil into different fractions.

[3]
d.

The list below shows four different fractions obtained from crude oil:

LPG (liquefied petroleum gas)petrolfuel oilresidue \text{LPG (liquefied petroleum gas)} \quad \text{petrol} \quad \text{fuel oil} \quad \text{residue} LPG (liquefied petroleum gas)petrolfuel oilresidue

Which of these fractions has the lowest boiling point?

[1]
e.

Which of these fractions is the most viscous?

[1]
f.

When hydrocarbon fuels are burned in a limited supply of oxygen, incomplete combustion occurs.

Name the toxic gas produced during this incomplete combustion.

[1]
g.

Explain the physiological mechanism by which this gas causes harm to humans.

[2]
Markscheme

Organic chemistry Questions

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