Chlorine is an element in Group 7 of the Periodic Table.
State the number of outer-shell electrons in an atom of chlorine.
Identify an element in Group 7 that is a liquid at room temperature.
Identify an element in Group 7 that is less reactive than chlorine.
Chlorine is formed by the electrolysis of molten zinc chloride, ZnCl2\text{ZnCl}_2ZnCl2. During this process, electrode X\text{X}X is the positive electrode (anode) and electrode Y\text{Y}Y is the negative electrode (cathode).
Explain why solid zinc chloride does not conduct electricity, whereas molten zinc chloride does.
During electrolysis, bubbles of chlorine gas are observed at electrode X\text{X}X. The ionic half-equation for this reaction is:
2Cl−→Cl2+2e− 2\text{Cl}^- \rightarrow \text{Cl}_2 + 2\text{e}^- 2Cl−→Cl2+2e−Why is this reaction described as oxidation?
Write an ionic half-equation for the reaction at electrode Y\text{Y}Y and describe the appearance of the product that forms on this electrode.
Sodium chlorate is a compound containing sodium, chlorine, and oxygen. A sample of sodium chlorate is analyzed and found to contain 4.6 g of sodium, 7.1 g of chlorine, and 9.6 g of oxygen. Calculate the empirical formula of this compound. [Relative atomic masses, ArA_rAr: Na=23\text{Na} = 23Na=23; Cl=35.5\text{Cl} = 35.5Cl=35.5; O=16\text{O} = 16O=16]
