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Extraction and uses of metals

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Question 22

Lead, Pb\text{Pb}Pb, is an element in Group 4 of the Periodic Table.

The mineral, galena, contains lead sulfide, PbS\text{PbS}PbS.

Lead can be obtained from galena in a three-stage process.

  • Stage 1: galena is roasted in air
3PbS+5O2→Pb3O4+3SO2 3\text{PbS} + 5\text{O}_2 \rightarrow \text{Pb}_3\text{O}_4 + 3\text{SO}_2 3PbS+5O2​→Pb3​O4​+3SO2​
  • Stage 2: the oxide produced is heated with carbon to form lead and carbon dioxide
a.

State why the sulfur in stage 1 is said to be oxidised.

[1]
b.

Complete the equation for the reaction in stage 2.

Pb3O4+‾C→‾Pb+‾CO2 \text{Pb}_3\text{O}_4 + \underline{\quad\quad} \text{C} \rightarrow \underline{\quad\quad} \text{Pb} + \underline{\quad\quad} \text{CO}_2 Pb3​O4​+​C→​Pb+​CO2​
[1]
c.

Tin is another element in Group 4 of the Periodic Table.

Tin forms an oxide, SnO\text{SnO}SnO, which has a giant ionic structure.

Give the formula of the tin ion in tin(II) oxide.

[1]
d.

Explain why tin(II) oxide has a high melting point.

[2]
e.

Tin(II) oxide reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to form tin(II) chloride.

Write a chemical equation for this reaction.

[1]

Extraction and uses of metals Questions

  1. IGCSE
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  3. /Extraction and uses of metals