Lead can be extracted from its ores, cerussite (PbCO3\text{PbCO}_3PbCO3) and galena (PbS\text{PbS}PbS).
Cerussite decomposes on heating to produce lead(II) oxide (PbO\text{PbO}PbO). The lead(II) oxide is then reduced by carbon in a furnace:
PbO+C→Pb+CO \text{PbO} + \text{C} \rightarrow \text{Pb} + \text{CO} PbO+C→Pb+CO(i) Identify which species is reduced in this reaction, and explain your choice in terms of oxygen transfer.
When galena (PbS\text{PbS}PbS) is roasted in air, sulfur dioxide (SO2\text{SO}_2SO2) is produced as a waste gas. Write a chemical equation to show how sulfur dioxide reacts with water to form an acidic solution, and state one harmful effect of acid rain on the environment.
A mining company processes a sample of cerussite containing 801 g801\text{ g}801 g of PbCO3\text{PbCO}_3PbCO3. Calculate the maximum mass of lead (Pb\text{Pb}Pb) that can be obtained from this sample. (Relative atomic masses: Pb=207\text{Pb} = 207Pb=207, C=12\text{C} = 12C=12, O=16\text{O} = 16O=16)
