Question 14

Hydrogen chloride is formed in the reaction between hydrogen and chlorine. The equation for the reaction is:

\text{H}_2 + \text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{HCl}

Each molecule in this equation contains the same type of bonding. Name this type of chemical bonding.

The covalent bonds inside a chlorine molecule are strong. Explain why the boiling point of chlorine is low.

Explain how the two chlorine atoms in a chlorine molecule ( $Cl2\text{Cl}_2$ ) are held together.

In a dot-and-cross diagram showing only the outer-shell electrons of a hydrogen chloride ( $HCl\text{HCl}$ ) molecule:

State the number of shared electrons between the hydrogen and chlorine atoms.
State the number of non-bonding (unshared) outer-shell electrons on the chlorine atom.

Hydrogen chloride gas ( $HCl\text{HCl}$ ) dissolves in water to form solution A. Hydrogen chloride gas dissolves in methylbenzene to form solution B. A student adds a piece of magnesium ribbon to each solution. Explain why effervescence is observed with solution A but not with solution B.