This question is about chlorine and some of its compounds.
Atoms of chlorine can be represented as 35Cl^{35}\text{Cl}35Cl and 37Cl^{37}\text{Cl}37Cl.
State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom of 37Cl^{37}\text{Cl}37Cl.
What name is used for atoms of chlorine that have different numbers of neutrons?
Why do all atoms of chlorine have the same chemical properties?
The relative atomic mass of chlorine is given in the Periodic Table as 35.5. Suggest, with a reason, which of the atoms 35Cl^{35}\text{Cl}35Cl and 37Cl^{37}\text{Cl}37Cl exists in greater numbers in a sample of chlorine.
Hydrogen chloride (HCl\text{HCl}HCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl\text{NaCl}NaCl) are compounds of chlorine.
Describe the distribution of outer-shell electrons in a hydrogen chloride molecule by stating the number of shared electron pairs in the bond and the number of unshared outer-shell electrons remaining on the chlorine atom.
Explain how the atoms are held together in a hydrogen chloride molecule.
Explain why sodium chloride has a higher melting point than hydrogen chloride.
A compound has the percentage composition 21.6% sodium, 33.3% chlorine and 45.1% oxygen by mass. Calculate its empirical formula. [Relative atomic masses: Na=23\text{Na} = 23Na=23, Cl=35.5\text{Cl} = 35.5Cl=35.5, O=16\text{O} = 16O=16]
