State two characteristics of the compounds in a homologous series.

The displayed formula for ethanol is:

Draw on this

Draw the displayed formula for butan-1-ol, ${CH}_3{CH}_2{CH}_2{CH}_{2}OH$.

Ethanol can be manufactured by two different industrial processes:

• Process A: the fermentation of sugars using yeast (a batch process).
• Process B: the catalytic hydration of ethene derived from crude oil (a continuous process).

Compare Process A and Process B in terms of:

• the reaction rate
• the purity of the ethanol collected
• the sustainability of the raw materials used

Glucose ($C_6{H}_{12}{O}_6$) undergoes fermentation according to the following equation:

An industrial fermenter completely processes $8.1tonnes$ of glucose. ($1tonne=1000kg$)

Calculate the amount, in moles, of glucose that was fermented. (Relative formula mass, $M_r$, of glucose = $180$)

Hence, deduce the amount, in moles, of ethanol produced.

Calculate the volume, in ${dm}^3$ at room temperature and pressure (rtp), of carbon dioxide gas produced from this batch. (Assume 1 mole of any gas occupies $24{dm}^3$ at rtp)