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Reversible reactions and equilibrium
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Reversible reactions and hydration

Reversible reactions and hydration

Side-by-side hydration reactions showing white anhydrous copper(II) sulfate becoming blue when hydrated and blue anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride becoming pink when hydrated, with add water and heat arrows labelled

A reversible reaction can go in both directions, so products can react to reform reactants. We show this with the symbol ⇌\rightleftharpoons⇌ instead of a one-way arrow.

Reversible reactions and equilibrium Lesson

  1. IGCSE
  2. /Chemistry
  3. /Reversible reactions and equilibrium

Step-by-step lessons on CIE IGCSE Chemistry Reversible reactions and equilibrium. Each one builds up to exam-style questions. Build a solid grasp of atomic structure, bonding and the mole concept early, since these underpin almost every other topic, then move on to the more calculation-heavy quantitative and organic chemistry content.

Lessons