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What isotopes are

What isotopes are

Comparison of carbon-12 and carbon-14 showing both atoms have 6 protons and the same electron arrangement, while carbon-12 has 6 neutrons and carbon-14 has 8 neutrons

An element is defined by its proton number, also called the atomic number ZZZ. The nucleon number AAA is the total number of protons and neutrons, so neutrons =A−Z= A - Z=A−Z.

Isotopes Lesson

  1. IGCSE
  2. /Chemistry
  3. /Isotopes

Step-by-step lessons on CIE IGCSE Chemistry Isotopes. Each one builds up to exam-style questions. Build a solid grasp of atomic structure, bonding and the mole concept early, since these underpin almost every other topic, then move on to the more calculation-heavy quantitative and organic chemistry content.

Lessons