Why ions form
Why ions form
Atoms are most stable when their outer shell is full, like the noble gases. To reach that stable arrangement, many atoms gain or lose electrons.
Why ions form
Why ions form
Atoms are most stable when their outer shell is full, like the noble gases. To reach that stable arrangement, many atoms gain or lose electrons.
Step-by-step lessons covering CIE IGCSE Chemistry Ions and ionic bonds for Core and Extended tier. Each lesson works through exam-style questions in Paper 1 and Paper 3 (Core) or Paper 2 and Paper 4 (Extended), plus Paper 5 or Paper 6 format. Build a solid grasp of atomic structure, bonding and the mole concept early, since these underpin almost every other topic, then move on to the more calculation-heavy quantitative and organic chemistry content.