Why ions form
Why ions form
Atoms are most stable when their outer shell is full, like the noble gases. To reach that stable arrangement, many atoms gain or lose electrons.
Step-by-step lessons on CIE IGCSE Chemistry Ions and ionic bonds. Each one builds up to exam-style questions. Build a solid grasp of atomic structure, bonding and the mole concept early, since these underpin almost every other topic, then move on to the more calculation-heavy quantitative and organic chemistry content.