The table gives statements about blood vessels. Some apply to arteries and some to veins.
Complete the table by using a tick (✓\checkmark✓) or a cross (×\times×) to show if each statement applies to arteries or to veins. The first statement has been done for you.
StatementArteriesVeinstransport blood away from the heart✓×contain valveshave thick, muscular and elastic wallshave a wide lumencarry blood under high pressuretransport blood towards the heart \begin{array}{|l|c|c|} \hline \text{Statement} & \text{Arteries} & \text{Veins} \\ \hline \text{transport blood away from the heart} & \checkmark & \times \\ \hline \text{contain valves} & & \\ \hline \text{have thick, muscular and elastic walls} & & \\ \hline \text{have a wide lumen} & & \\ \hline \text{carry blood under high pressure} & & \\ \hline \text{transport blood towards the heart} & & \\ \hline \end{array} Statementtransport blood away from the heartcontain valveshave thick, muscular and elastic wallshave a wide lumencarry blood under high pressuretransport blood towards the heartArteries✓Veins×Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a condition where fatty deposits build up inside arteries, narrowing the lumen and restricting the flow of blood to the leg muscles.
Explain how the narrowing of arteries to the leg muscles is a disadvantage to an athlete who takes part in long-distance races.
A 100 m sprint race is completed in less than 12 seconds.
Suggest why a moderate narrowing of the arteries supplying the leg muscles has a much smaller effect on the performance of a sprinter than on a long-distance runner.
