The table gives statements about blood vessels. Some apply to arteries and some to capillaries.
Complete the table by using a tick (✓\checkmark✓) or a cross (×\times×) to show if each statement applies to arteries or to capillaries. The first statement has been done for you.
StatementArteriesCapillarieshave walls containing a thick layer of elastic tissue✓×have walls that are only one cell thickallow gases and nutrients to diffuse rapidly into tissuescarry blood under high pressurehave a very narrow lumentransport blood away from the heart \begin{array}{|l|c|c|} \hline \textbf{Statement} & \textbf{Arteries} & \textbf{Capillaries} \\ \hline \text{have walls containing a thick layer of elastic tissue} & \checkmark & \times \\ \hline \text{have walls that are only one cell thick} & & \\ \hline \text{allow gases and nutrients to diffuse rapidly into tissues} & & \\ \hline \text{carry blood under high pressure} & & \\ \hline \text{have a very narrow lumen} & & \\ \hline \text{transport blood away from the heart} & & \\ \hline \end{array} Statementhave walls containing a thick layer of elastic tissuehave walls that are only one cell thickallow gases and nutrients to diffuse rapidly into tissuescarry blood under high pressurehave a very narrow lumentransport blood away from the heartArteries✓Capillaries×Iliac artery endofibrosis (IAE) is a condition in competitive cyclists where the main artery supplying the leg muscles becomes progressively narrowed, restricting the volume of blood delivered to the quadriceps.
Explain how this narrowing of the artery to the leg muscles is a disadvantage to a cyclist attempting a long, sustained mountain climb.
A track cyclist performing a 250 m flying start sprint completes the effort in under 18 seconds.
Suggest why a moderate narrowing of the iliac artery has a much smaller impact on the performance of this sprinter compared to the performance of a cyclist on a long mountain climb.
