The table below shows the average speed of blood flow in three different blood vessels of a domestic dog at rest.
| Blood vessel | Speed of blood flow (cm⋅s−1)(\text{cm}\cdot\text{s}^{-1})(cm⋅s−1) |
|---|---|
| Carotid artery | 32.032.032.0 |
| Capillary | 0.050.050.05 |
| Jugular vein | 10.010.010.0 |
Blood travels a distance of 56 cm56\text{ cm}56 cm through the carotid artery. Calculate the time taken, in seconds, for blood to flow this distance. Show your working.
Explain how the slow speed of blood flow in the capillaries is highly adapted to facilitate the efficient exchange of gases and nutrients with surrounding tissues.
