35:I[651451,["/_next/static/chunks/04dz0xqjvyj1r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0p4rexedanx97.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2epfhfe5im7r6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/176p1wltq5_f6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1f95q9c4h-8pl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0u008gt6051u7.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1odwrcl12kfnl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0zkcxwtbsqliz.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2u46tugibrk1v.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ao1re0xmmur_.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/03q735zs9dbpu.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3r5hh4t0jf4es.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ht89vb0p09bm.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ml3vooxhiupb.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/12xoy6h_w_le6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3jpl-42mbad5n.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2os7nxouq91eq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ocoqwe4aht_u.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/330aj5rw-3o2w.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1h4wccj42vygd.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3xa2z7fbv2riw.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/14kf-an-d2n-e.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/381o-754ev9ia.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2th820ily21xq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0v4byuex1x38h.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3kom3ps_bn2q6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1x_yxljsdq0vl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1xkpwfqqdrdio.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0k-y_4mcfub-p.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2dx-vzwyw9a3g.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2mv9l1xl_aa4j.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3dcuhw7_p-nlv.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/04zr-wqafvwoa.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1ku-vdy4ggo41.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2a4uxh-kqx1wo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2-3hvjs177r4z.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0llqhg6-bxn_b.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3axr82zvk-2vj.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1s6j_7_p0ugo9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/34ux0fo6f-rm8.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1pp_uf_jx5j9r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2b6r02yb2zswo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/422ba61wql3d7.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2vg15qyptj-oc.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2opkuzmjw8cxb.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3jzaxe43n3e1e.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1lsxkfxy262n-.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/02e_f03j5ij1l.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/12mv6p8rwcl5o.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0v5zhouho0zlq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/41x40gd5jiq0g.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2nnmvgmq4euk9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1ksyn9m68446d.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3wqp-h5xnebw9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/30dopbgd1dkf9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3xz_lj7nwz2k-.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0zg1om_k0m5zv.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2ywf8cxod8dkv.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/43ajf4ofaeu5y.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2tgvlfspjb-j8.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1zt4k83kx3bkw.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0rt2_go1it43r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/200x0be4hbjpj.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/35bn8r0ao86_s.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3xskuweujaw05.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2wlqtkfegn9hx.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2y341-r8ncizo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/03ai9i_h50rnc.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0pdzmybpnr872.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181"],"UserProgressProvider"] 36:I[196793,["/_next/static/chunks/04dz0xqjvyj1r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0p4rexedanx97.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2epfhfe5im7r6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/176p1wltq5_f6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1f95q9c4h-8pl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0u008gt6051u7.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1odwrcl12kfnl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0zkcxwtbsqliz.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2u46tugibrk1v.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ao1re0xmmur_.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/03q735zs9dbpu.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3r5hh4t0jf4es.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ht89vb0p09bm.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ml3vooxhiupb.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/12xoy6h_w_le6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3jpl-42mbad5n.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2os7nxouq91eq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ocoqwe4aht_u.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/330aj5rw-3o2w.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1h4wccj42vygd.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3xa2z7fbv2riw.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/14kf-an-d2n-e.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/381o-754ev9ia.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2th820ily21xq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0v4byuex1x38h.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3kom3ps_bn2q6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1x_yxljsdq0vl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1xkpwfqqdrdio.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0k-y_4mcfub-p.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2dx-vzwyw9a3g.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2mv9l1xl_aa4j.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3dcuhw7_p-nlv.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/04zr-wqafvwoa.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1ku-vdy4ggo41.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2a4uxh-kqx1wo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2-3hvjs177r4z.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0llqhg6-bxn_b.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3axr82zvk-2vj.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1s6j_7_p0ugo9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/34ux0fo6f-rm8.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1pp_uf_jx5j9r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2b6r02yb2zswo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/422ba61wql3d7.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2vg15qyptj-oc.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2opkuzmjw8cxb.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3jzaxe43n3e1e.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1lsxkfxy262n-.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/02e_f03j5ij1l.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/12mv6p8rwcl5o.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0v5zhouho0zlq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/41x40gd5jiq0g.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2nnmvgmq4euk9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1ksyn9m68446d.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3wqp-h5xnebw9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/30dopbgd1dkf9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3xz_lj7nwz2k-.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0zg1om_k0m5zv.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2ywf8cxod8dkv.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/43ajf4ofaeu5y.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2tgvlfspjb-j8.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1zt4k83kx3bkw.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0rt2_go1it43r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/200x0be4hbjpj.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/35bn8r0ao86_s.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3xskuweujaw05.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2wlqtkfegn9hx.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2y341-r8ncizo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/03ai9i_h50rnc.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0pdzmybpnr872.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181"],"Gingerbread"] 38:I[716297,["/_next/static/chunks/04dz0xqjvyj1r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0p4rexedanx97.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2epfhfe5im7r6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/176p1wltq5_f6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1f95q9c4h-8pl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0u008gt6051u7.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1odwrcl12kfnl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0zkcxwtbsqliz.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2u46tugibrk1v.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ao1re0xmmur_.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/03q735zs9dbpu.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3r5hh4t0jf4es.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ht89vb0p09bm.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ml3vooxhiupb.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/12xoy6h_w_le6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3jpl-42mbad5n.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2os7nxouq91eq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ocoqwe4aht_u.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/330aj5rw-3o2w.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1h4wccj42vygd.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3xa2z7fbv2riw.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/14kf-an-d2n-e.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/381o-754ev9ia.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2th820ily21xq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0v4byuex1x38h.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3kom3ps_bn2q6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1x_yxljsdq0vl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1xkpwfqqdrdio.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0k-y_4mcfub-p.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2dx-vzwyw9a3g.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2mv9l1xl_aa4j.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3dcuhw7_p-nlv.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/04zr-wqafvwoa.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1ku-vdy4ggo41.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2a4uxh-kqx1wo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2-3hvjs177r4z.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0llqhg6-bxn_b.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3axr82zvk-2vj.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1s6j_7_p0ugo9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/34ux0fo6f-rm8.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1pp_uf_jx5j9r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2b6r02yb2zswo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/422ba61wql3d7.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2vg15qyptj-oc.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2opkuzmjw8cxb.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3jzaxe43n3e1e.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1lsxkfxy262n-.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/02e_f03j5ij1l.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/12mv6p8rwcl5o.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0v5zhouho0zlq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/41x40gd5jiq0g.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2nnmvgmq4euk9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1ksyn9m68446d.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3wqp-h5xnebw9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/30dopbgd1dkf9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3xz_lj7nwz2k-.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0zg1om_k0m5zv.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2ywf8cxod8dkv.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/43ajf4ofaeu5y.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2tgvlfspjb-j8.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1zt4k83kx3bkw.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0rt2_go1it43r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/200x0be4hbjpj.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/35bn8r0ao86_s.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3xskuweujaw05.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2wlqtkfegn9hx.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2y341-r8ncizo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/03ai9i_h50rnc.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0pdzmybpnr872.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181"],"TopicRecentlyViewed"] 39:I[647935,["/_next/static/chunks/04dz0xqjvyj1r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0p4rexedanx97.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2epfhfe5im7r6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/176p1wltq5_f6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1f95q9c4h-8pl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0u008gt6051u7.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1odwrcl12kfnl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0zkcxwtbsqliz.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2u46tugibrk1v.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ao1re0xmmur_.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/03q735zs9dbpu.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3r5hh4t0jf4es.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ht89vb0p09bm.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ml3vooxhiupb.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/12xoy6h_w_le6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3jpl-42mbad5n.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2os7nxouq91eq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ocoqwe4aht_u.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/330aj5rw-3o2w.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1h4wccj42vygd.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3xa2z7fbv2riw.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/14kf-an-d2n-e.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/381o-754ev9ia.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2th820ily21xq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0v4byuex1x38h.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3kom3ps_bn2q6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1x_yxljsdq0vl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1xkpwfqqdrdio.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0k-y_4mcfub-p.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2dx-vzwyw9a3g.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2mv9l1xl_aa4j.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3dcuhw7_p-nlv.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/04zr-wqafvwoa.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1ku-vdy4ggo41.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2a4uxh-kqx1wo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2-3hvjs177r4z.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0llqhg6-bxn_b.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3axr82zvk-2vj.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1s6j_7_p0ugo9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/34ux0fo6f-rm8.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1pp_uf_jx5j9r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2b6r02yb2zswo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/422ba61wql3d7.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2vg15qyptj-oc.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2opkuzmjw8cxb.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3jzaxe43n3e1e.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1lsxkfxy262n-.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/02e_f03j5ij1l.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/12mv6p8rwcl5o.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0v5zhouho0zlq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/41x40gd5jiq0g.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2nnmvgmq4euk9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1ksyn9m68446d.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3wqp-h5xnebw9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/30dopbgd1dkf9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3xz_lj7nwz2k-.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0zg1om_k0m5zv.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2ywf8cxod8dkv.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/43ajf4ofaeu5y.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2tgvlfspjb-j8.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1zt4k83kx3bkw.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0rt2_go1it43r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/200x0be4hbjpj.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/35bn8r0ao86_s.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3xskuweujaw05.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2wlqtkfegn9hx.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2y341-r8ncizo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/03ai9i_h50rnc.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0pdzmybpnr872.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181"],"RecordResourceResume"] 3a:I[426249,["/_next/static/chunks/04dz0xqjvyj1r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0p4rexedanx97.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2epfhfe5im7r6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/176p1wltq5_f6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1f95q9c4h-8pl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0u008gt6051u7.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1odwrcl12kfnl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0zkcxwtbsqliz.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2u46tugibrk1v.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ao1re0xmmur_.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/03q735zs9dbpu.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3r5hh4t0jf4es.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ht89vb0p09bm.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ml3vooxhiupb.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/12xoy6h_w_le6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3jpl-42mbad5n.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2os7nxouq91eq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ocoqwe4aht_u.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/330aj5rw-3o2w.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1h4wccj42vygd.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3xa2z7fbv2riw.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/14kf-an-d2n-e.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/381o-754ev9ia.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2th820ily21xq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0v4byuex1x38h.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3kom3ps_bn2q6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1x_yxljsdq0vl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1xkpwfqqdrdio.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0k-y_4mcfub-p.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2dx-vzwyw9a3g.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2mv9l1xl_aa4j.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3dcuhw7_p-nlv.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/04zr-wqafvwoa.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1ku-vdy4ggo41.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2a4uxh-kqx1wo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2-3hvjs177r4z.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0llqhg6-bxn_b.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3axr82zvk-2vj.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1s6j_7_p0ugo9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/34ux0fo6f-rm8.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1pp_uf_jx5j9r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2b6r02yb2zswo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/422ba61wql3d7.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2vg15qyptj-oc.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2opkuzmjw8cxb.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3jzaxe43n3e1e.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1lsxkfxy262n-.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/02e_f03j5ij1l.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/12mv6p8rwcl5o.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0v5zhouho0zlq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/41x40gd5jiq0g.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2nnmvgmq4euk9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1ksyn9m68446d.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3wqp-h5xnebw9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/30dopbgd1dkf9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3xz_lj7nwz2k-.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0zg1om_k0m5zv.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2ywf8cxod8dkv.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/43ajf4ofaeu5y.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2tgvlfspjb-j8.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1zt4k83kx3bkw.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0rt2_go1it43r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/200x0be4hbjpj.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/35bn8r0ao86_s.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3xskuweujaw05.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2wlqtkfegn9hx.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2y341-r8ncizo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/03ai9i_h50rnc.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0pdzmybpnr872.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181"],"TopicQuestionBank"] 3b:T410,Read the passage below about aquatic bladderworts (*Utricularia*) and answer the questions that follow. *Bladderworts are carnivorous aquatic plants found in nutrient-poor, acidic freshwater environments. They possess green leaves to carry out photosynthesis, generating glucose which serves as a vital substrate for cellular energy release. To supplement their nutrient intake, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, bladderworts have evolved sophisticated underwater bladder-like traps. When a small organism, such as a water flea, brushes against the trigger hairs near the trapdoor, the door flies open and water, along with the prey, is rapidly sucked inside due to a pre-existing vacuum. Glands within the bladder wall then secrete digestive enzymes to break down the prey. To reset the trap, specialized cells in the bladder wall actively pump ions out of the internal fluid and into the surrounding plant tissue, creating a concentration gradient that draws water out of the bladder lumen to restore the internal negative pressure.*3c:T438,- **Change (C):** Vary the independent variable (temperature) using water baths at a range of at least 5 different temperatures (e.g. $20^\circ\text{C}$, $30^\circ\text{C}$, $40^\circ\text{C}$, $50^\circ\text{C}$, and $60^\circ\text{C}$) B1 - **Organism (O):** Control the biological material by using the same species of yeast and keeping the volume and concentration of the yeast suspension constant B1 - **Repeat (R):** Repeat the experiment at least three times at each temperature to enable the calculation of a reliable mean B1 - **Measure 1 (M1):** Measure the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced (using a gas syringe) or count the bubbles of gas released B1 - **Measure 2 (M2):** Measure this gas production over a set/specified time period (e.g. 5 or 10 minutes) to determine the rate B1 - **Standardise (S1 & S2):** Control at least two other key variables, such as keeping the concentration and volume of glucose solution constant, and keeping the pH constant using a buffer B13d:T439,- **C (Change):** Vary the concentration of the glucose solution, using at least 5 different concentrations (e.g. $0.2\%$, $0.4\%$, $0.6\%$, $0.8\%$, and $1.0\%$) B1 - **O (Organism):** Use the same species of yeast and keep the starting mass or concentration of the yeast suspension constant across all trials B1 - **R (Repeat):** Repeat the experiment at least three times at each glucose concentration to calculate a reliable mean and identify anomalies B1 - **M1 (Measure 1):** Measure the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced (using a gas syringe/measuring cylinder) or count the bubbles of gas released B1 - **M2 (Measure 2):** Measure the gas production over a specified, fixed time period (e.g. $10$ minutes) B1 - **S (Standardise):** Control at least two other variables, such as keeping the temperature constant (using a temperature-controlled water bath) and keeping the pH constant (using a buffer solution), or using a layer of liquid paraffin to ensure anaerobic conditions B123:["$","$L35",null,{"bundle":{"topicIds":["f1830cfe-ce88-5e02-83aa-4dd93ccdcdc7"],"paperIds":[],"stageIds":[],"stageTopicIds":[],"stageAssessmentIds":[],"topicNoteIds":[]},"children":[["$","$L36",null,{"feature":"question-bank"}],"$L37",["$","$L38",null,{"subjectCode":"igcse_biology","subjectName":"Biology","topicSlug":"respiration","topicTitle":"Respiration","sectionTitle":null,"activity":"worksheet","resourceTitle":"Respiration Questions","resourceHref":"/igcse/biology/edexcel/respiration/questions/q1","saveTrail":false}],["$","$L39",null,{"href":"/igcse/biology/edexcel/respiration/questions/q1","label":"Respiration","subjectCode":"igcse_biology","surface":"questions"}],["$","script",null,{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"LearningResource\",\"name\":\"Question 4 – Respiration - IGCSE Biology Questions\",\"description\":\"Practise Respiration IGCSE Biology exam-style questions with worked solutions on MathsGenie.\",\"learningResourceType\":\"Practice questions\",\"educationalLevel\":\"IGCSE\",\"about\":{\"@type\":\"Thing\",\"name\":\"Respiration\"},\"url\":\"https://mathsgenie.co.uk/igcse/biology/edexcel/respiration/questions/q4\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"provider\":{\"@id\":\"https://mathsgenie.co.uk/#organization\"}}"}}],["$","div",null,{"className":"min-h-0 w-full flex-1 overflow-hidden bg-background","children":["$","$L3a",null,{"backHref":"/igcse/biology/edexcel/questions","basePath":"/igcse/biology/edexcel/respiration/questions","formulaUrl":null,"initialIndex":3,"initialQuestionWindow":[{"id":"05e77c0a-285a-42ec-b557-743259c5d45f","revisionId":"51e4331f-2f4c-473f-bcea-01bf92382149","questionNumber":null,"questionType":"LA","specification":"$3b","difficulty":5,"difficultyBand":"medium","tier":null,"totalMarks":9,"sourceTitle":null,"calculatorUse":null,"isCalculation":false,"parts":[{"id":"24cecc94-e83e-47b3-90ff-596eadf29ea9","label":"a","content":"Name the biological process by which these plants release energy from glucose.","markscheme":"- Identifies the process as respiration / aerobic respiration B1","marks":1,"order":0,"markingRubric":null,"tableImages":[],"explanation":{"methods":[{"id":"identify_energy_process","label":"Identify the energy-release process","steps":[{"type":"text","order":0,"title":"Name the process","content":"The passage says glucose is used for **cellular energy release**. The biological process that releases energy from glucose is **respiration**.\n\nWrite $\\text{respiration}$. This earns the B1 mark; $\\text{aerobic respiration}$ is also accepted.","highlights":[{"text":"cellular energy release","location":"specification"}]}]}],"generatedAt":"2026-07-21T05:05:33.744Z","modelVersion":"gpt-5.6-terra","explanationVersion":"v3"},"options":[]},{"id":"888facd9-c868-441e-b2c8-f2748fd29c57","label":"b","content":"Identify two different trophic levels that bladderworts can occupy in an ecosystem.","markscheme":"- Identifies 'Producer' (due to photosynthesis) B1\n- Identifies 'Secondary consumer' or 'Tertiary consumer' (due to carnivory / feeding on zooplankton) B1","marks":2,"order":1,"markingRubric":null,"tableImages":[],"explanation":{"methods":[{"id":"identify_trophic_levels","label":"Identify trophic levels","steps":[{"type":"text","order":0,"title":"Identify the producer","content":"Bladderworts have green leaves and carry out photosynthesis. This means they are a **producer**: they make their own glucose from simple substances using light energy.\n\nWrite **producer** for the first credited trophic role. This earns **B1**.","highlights":[{"text":"They possess green leaves to carry out photosynthesis, generating glucose","location":"specification"}]},{"type":"text","order":1,"title":"Classify the consumer role","content":"The trap catches a small organism such as a water flea, so the bladderwort also has a consumer role. A water flea is zooplankton: if it is a primary consumer, the bladderwort that eats it is a **secondary consumer**; if the prey is itself a secondary consumer, the bladderwort may be a **tertiary consumer**.\n\nFor the second mark, write **secondary consumer** or **tertiary consumer**: either is credited for B1.","highlights":[{"text":"such as a water flea","location":"specification"}]}]}],"generatedAt":"2026-07-21T05:14:09.969Z","modelVersion":"gpt-5.6-terra","explanationVersion":"v3"},"options":[]},{"id":"c2624405-00b8-414c-b799-147b82946c15","label":"c","content":"Explain how the active transport of ions into the cells lining the bladder assists in water absorption from the bladder fluid.","markscheme":"- Active transport of ions increases the solute concentration inside the plant cells / lowers their water potential ($\\\\Psi$) M1\n- Water moves out of the bladder fluid and into the adjacent cells via osmosis M1\n- Down a water potential gradient (from high water potential to low water potential) across a selectively permeable membrane A1","marks":3,"order":2,"markingRubric":null,"tableImages":[],"explanation":{"methods":[{"id":"active_transport_osmosis","label":"Link active transport to osmosis","steps":[{"type":"text","order":0,"title":"State the ion effect","content":"Active transport moves ions into the cells lining the bladder. This **increases the solute concentration** in these plant cells, so their water potential becomes lower. This earns **M1**.","highlights":[{"text":"active transport of ions into the cells lining the bladder","location":"specification"}]},{"type":"text","order":1,"title":"Apply osmosis","content":"Water therefore moves out of the bladder fluid and into the adjacent lining cells by **osmosis**. This is **M1**.","highlights":[{"text":"water absorption from the bladder fluid","location":"specification"}]},{"type":"text","order":2,"title":"Give the direction","content":"Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from **higher water potential** in the bladder fluid to **lower water potential** in the cells. Stating both the membrane and direction earns **A1**.","highlights":[{"text":"active transport of ions into the cells lining the bladder assists in water absorption from the bladder fluid.","location":"specification"}]}]}],"generatedAt":"2026-07-21T05:16:52.706Z","modelVersion":"gpt-5.6-terra","explanationVersion":"v3"},"options":[]},{"id":"33197679-5f61-4452-a5e7-abdeff6c41dc","label":"d","content":"Explain how a lack of mechanical mastication (chewing) affects the rate of prey digestion by the enzymes in the bladder, referencing the surface area to volume ratio.","markscheme":"- State that the rate of digestion is slower / decreased B1\n- Without mechanical breakdown, the prey remains whole/intact, which results in a smaller surface area to volume (SA:Vol) ratio M1\n- Consequently, there is less surface area for the digestive enzymes to contact, resulting in fewer enzyme-substrate complexes forming per unit time A1","marks":3,"order":3,"markingRubric":null,"tableImages":[],"explanation":{"methods":[{"id":"enzyme_surface_area","label":"Link surface area to digestion","steps":[{"type":"text","order":0,"title":"Identify the missing process","content":"Mechanical mastication means **chewing**, which physically breaks food into smaller pieces. Here it is absent, so the prey stays whole rather than being divided into many smaller pieces.","highlights":[{"text":"lack of mechanical mastication (chewing)","location":"specification"}]},{"type":"text","order":1,"title":"Compare the surface area","content":"A whole, intact prey organism has a **smaller surface area to volume ratio** than the same prey broken into smaller pieces. This is the key causal point for the M1 mark.","highlights":[{"text":"referencing the surface area to volume ratio","location":"specification"}]},{"type":"text","order":2,"title":"Link enzymes to rate","content":"With less prey surface exposed, fewer digestive enzyme molecules can contact their substrate each second. Therefore fewer enzyme-substrate complexes form per unit time, so digestion is **slower**. This earns the A1 link and the B1 conclusion.","highlights":[{"text":"rate of prey digestion by the enzymes in the bladder","location":"specification"}]}]}],"generatedAt":"2026-07-21T05:18:12.072Z","modelVersion":"gpt-5.6-terra","explanationVersion":"v3"},"options":[]}],"options":[],"explanation":null,"firstAttemptFullMarks":null,"walkthroughVideo":null},{"id":"6002dfa8-1dff-4c6f-bbd6-a10e7801e80e","revisionId":"de2dee23-a968-4ec8-9c3d-1a21d2fee1a1","questionNumber":null,"questionType":"LA","specification":"","difficulty":4,"difficultyBand":"medium","tier":null,"totalMarks":6,"sourceTitle":null,"calculatorUse":null,"isCalculation":false,"parts":[{"id":"5425cebd-e2fa-4e21-93e8-e8e9d4ae1faf","label":null,"content":"Describe an experiment you could do to find out the effect of temperature on the rate of respiration in yeast.","markscheme":"$3c","marks":6,"order":0,"markingRubric":null,"tableImages":[],"explanation":null,"options":[]}],"options":[],"explanation":null,"firstAttemptFullMarks":null,"walkthroughVideo":null},{"id":"9c86f71d-3489-4ee0-9ebc-d26c20c2c6ae","revisionId":"9de21b3f-2318-43f9-8907-f2f9fcd5f0dc","questionNumber":null,"questionType":"LA","specification":"","difficulty":4,"difficultyBand":"medium","tier":null,"totalMarks":6,"sourceTitle":null,"calculatorUse":null,"isCalculation":false,"parts":[{"id":"204c03a5-6e9b-4f3b-9c26-8a2f49fea0ea","label":null,"content":"Describe an experiment you could perform to investigate the effect of glucose concentration on the rate of anaerobic respiration in yeast.","markscheme":"$3d","marks":6,"order":0,"markingRubric":null,"tableImages":[],"explanation":null,"options":[]}],"options":[],"explanation":null,"firstAttemptFullMarks":null,"walkthroughVideo":null}],"subjectCode":"igcse_biology","summaries":[{"id":"05e77c0a-285a-42ec-b557-743259c5d45f","difficultyBand":"medium","calculatorUse":null,"totalMarks":9,"questionType":"LA","isCalculation":false},{"id":"0ccce18e-51d6-4ef6-86dc-32799ab725f5","difficultyBand":"hard","calculatorUse":null,"totalMarks":10,"questionType":"LA","isCalculation":false},{"id":"4663d72d-251e-4ecc-9d34-48650669d728","difficultyBand":"hard","calculatorUse":null,"totalMarks":10,"questionType":"LA","isCalculation":false},{"id":"6002dfa8-1dff-4c6f-bbd6-a10e7801e80e","difficultyBand":"medium","calculatorUse":null,"totalMarks":6,"questionType":"LA","isCalculation":false},{"id":"734ec23d-b0d6-4797-b245-409d4460df5a","difficultyBand":"hard","calculatorUse":null,"totalMarks":11,"questionType":"LA","isCalculation":false},{"id":"8feffec8-5f61-4f4e-b8e5-c46afba0a1f7","difficultyBand":"hard","calculatorUse":null,"totalMarks":6,"questionType":"LA","isCalculation":false},{"id":"9c86f71d-3489-4ee0-9ebc-d26c20c2c6ae","difficultyBand":"medium","calculatorUse":null,"totalMarks":6,"questionType":"LA","isCalculation":false},{"id":"b2a679de-9e8c-4a69-9b23-7e7f42fcfde2","difficultyBand":"easy","calculatorUse":null,"totalMarks":4,"questionType":"LA","isCalculation":false},{"id":"b360d0ba-2d42-403b-b70a-ba398e07287c","difficultyBand":"medium","calculatorUse":null,"totalMarks":4,"questionType":"LA","isCalculation":false},{"id":"b5077d57-dcb8-449f-a21a-5f03fe84f762","difficultyBand":"easy","calculatorUse":null,"totalMarks":4,"questionType":"LA","isCalculation":false}],"title":"Respiration","topicId":"f1830cfe-ce88-5e02-83aa-4dd93ccdcdc7","topicSidebar":"$L3e","topicSlug":"respiration","topicTitle":"Respiration"}]}],"$L3f","$L40"]}]

Respiration

Question 2

Respiration Questions

Respiration

Question 2

Respiration Questions