In the commercial production of mycoprotein (a high-protein food source), the filamentous fungus Fusarium venenatum is cultured on a large scale inside a continuous-flow stirred-tank bioreactor.
Explain why the internal temperature of the bioreactor must be continuously maintained at a precise optimum (approximately 30∘C30^\circ\text{C}30∘C) during the growth phase of the fungus.
State two structural features of the bioreactor system that are designed to monitor and regulate this temperature.
Continuous mechanical agitation and gas sparging are maintained throughout the fermentation process. Suggest two distinct reasons why constant mixing of the culture medium is essential to maximise mycoprotein yield.
Prior to inoculation with Fusarium venenatum, the empty bioreactor is subjected to high-pressure, superheated steam. Explain why this sterilisation step is critical for a successful yield of the product.
