Veterinary students performed clinical diagnostic tests on urine samples collected from three canine patients: Max, Bella, and Rocky. These corresponded to:
The table below shows the results of their diagnostic analysis:
| Patient | Glucose concentration (mmol dm−3\text{mmol dm}^{-3}mmol dm−3) | Protein concentration (g dm−3\text{g dm}^{-3}g dm−3) |
|---|---|---|
| Max | 14.5 | 0.0 |
| Bella | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Rocky | 0.0 | 5.4 |
(i) Identify which patient is healthy. Use your biological knowledge of ultrafiltration and selective reabsorption to explain why healthy urine contains neither glucose nor protein.
(ii) Identify and explain which patient is suffering from renal hypertension.
(iii) Describe the chemical test used to confirm the presence of glucose in a urine sample.
Suggest a safety reason why synthetic control urine samples are preferred over genuine canine urine samples for training purposes in veterinary student laboratories.
