An investigation was conducted to analyze urine samples from three patients, J, K, and L, to assist with clinical diagnoses. The concentration of glucose and protein in each sample was determined, and the results are shown in the table below:
| Patient | Glucose concentration / mmol dm−3\text{mmol dm}^{-3}mmol dm−3 | Protein concentration / g dm−3\text{g dm}^{-3}g dm−3 |
|---|---|---|
| J | 0.0 | 4.5 |
| K | 15.0 | 0.0 |
| L | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Identify which patient is healthy. Explain, in terms of ultrafiltration and selective reabsorption, why healthy urine does not contain glucose or protein.
Identify and explain which patient's results are consistent with high blood pressure.
Describe the chemical test used to confirm the presence of glucose in a urine sample.
Suggest a safety or hygiene reason why synthetic urine samples are used in school laboratories rather than actual human urine samples.
