A researcher conditions domestic dogs to associate a flashing blue light of frequency $Hz8\text{ Hz}$ (the conditioned stimulus) with the presentation of meat powder. After training, the dogs salivate when they see the $Hz8\text{ Hz}$ flashing light, even in the absence of food.

The researcher then tests the dogs' response to four other flashing light frequencies:

Frequency A ( $Hz2\text{ Hz}$ )
Frequency B ( $Hz7\text{ Hz}$ )
Frequency C ( $Hz9\text{ Hz}$ )
Frequency D ( $Hz14\text{ Hz}$ )

Explain how a simple reflex response, such as salivation, differs from a voluntary response, such as walking towards a feeding bowl.

Identify the sense organ and the specific type of receptor cell the dogs use to detect the light stimulus.

The researcher observes that Frequency B and Frequency C produce a significantly greater salivation response in the dogs than Frequency A and Frequency D. Suggest a reason for this observation.

Suggest two ways the researcher could measure the quantity of the saliva produced.

The researcher then tests the dogs' response to four other flashing light frequencies:

Frequency A ( $Hz2\text{ Hz}$ )
Frequency B ( $Hz7\text{ Hz}$ )
Frequency C ( $Hz9\text{ Hz}$ )
Frequency D ( $Hz14\text{ Hz}$ )

Explain how a simple reflex response, such as salivation, differs from a voluntary response, such as walking towards a feeding bowl.

Identify the sense organ and the specific type of receptor cell the dogs use to detect the light stimulus.

The researcher observes that Frequency B and Frequency C produce a significantly greater salivation response in the dogs than Frequency A and Frequency D. Suggest a reason for this observation.

Suggest two ways the researcher could measure the quantity of the saliva produced.

Co-ordination and response

Question 19

Markscheme

Co-ordination and response

Question 19

Markscheme

Co-ordination and response

Question 19

Co-ordination and response Questions

Co-ordination and response

Question 19

Co-ordination and response Questions