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than being valued according to usefulness or comfort."},{"text":"Quality of Life","correct":false,"explanation":"This confuses life’s sacred status with an assessment of wellbeing, comfort and freedom from suffering. The belief that life is holy and belongs to God is Sanctity of Life."},{"text":"Stewardship of Life","correct":false,"explanation":"Stewardship concerns humanity’s responsibility to care for what God has entrusted to it. Sanctity of Life is the belief that life itself is holy and belongs to God."},{"text":"Equality of Life","correct":false,"explanation":"Equality concerns people having equal worth or treatment, but it is not the named doctrine here. Sanctity of Life describes life as sacred, holy and belonging to God."}]},{"id":"1422f3d6-f5bb-4441-bf91-7f161c6f2035","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"[ ] judges life’s value by comfort, freedom from pain and meaning.","back":"Quality of Life judges life’s value by comfort, freedom from pain and meaning.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Quality of Life","correct":true,"explanation":"This principle assesses how worthwhile or bearable life is by considering factors such as comfort, suffering, independence, dignity and personal meaning."},{"text":"Sanctity of Life","correct":false,"explanation":"This confuses wellbeing with sacredness. Sanctity of Life values life because it is holy and God-given, whereas Quality of Life considers comfort, pain, freedom and meaning."},{"text":"Equality of Life","correct":false,"explanation":"Equality focuses on equal worth, rights or treatment, rather than evaluating someone’s experience of living. Quality of Life considers comfort, freedom from pain and meaning."},{"text":"Stewardship of Life","correct":false,"explanation":"Stewardship means responsibly caring for something entrusted by God; it does not judge wellbeing. Quality of Life evaluates life through comfort, suffering, autonomy and meaning."}]},{"id":"5f62cada-6329-4208-8508-373a57cd9c43","cardType":"basic","points":3,"front":"What is the central clash in Theme B life issues?","back":"

Protect life: Sanctity of Life.
Reduce suffering/autonomy: Quality of Life.

","mcqOptions":[{"text":"

Protect life: Sanctity of Life.
Reduce suffering/autonomy: Quality of Life.

","correct":true,"explanation":"Theme B often contrasts the duty to protect sacred, God-given life with concern for wellbeing, relief of suffering and an individual’s freedom to make choices."},{"text":"

Protect nature: Stewardship.
Use resources fairly: Justice.

","correct":false,"explanation":"This describes an environmental and social-justice tension rather than the central clash in life issues. The relevant conflict is Sanctity of Life against Quality of Life."},{"text":"

Obey society: Law and order.
Reject authority: Religious freedom.

","correct":false,"explanation":"This mistakes the issue for a conflict about authority and religious liberty. Theme B life issues primarily contrast protecting sacred life with reducing suffering and respecting autonomy."},{"text":"

Reward actions: Justice.
Forgive wrongdoing: Reconciliation.

","correct":false,"explanation":"This is a tension associated with crime, punishment and forgiveness, not life issues. Theme B centres on Sanctity of Life versus Quality of Life."}]},{"id":"1a8476f1-4cdb-4d68-a39d-664e310be48e","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Which Christian belief from Genesis 1:27 supports life’s sacred value?","back":"Humans are made in the image of God (Imago Dei).","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Humans are made in the image of God (Imago Dei).","correct":true,"explanation":"Genesis 1:27 teaches that human beings reflect God in a unique way. This gives every person inherent dignity and supports the belief that human life is sacred."},{"text":"Humans are given dominion over creation (stewardship).","correct":false,"explanation":"Dominion is discussed in Genesis 1:28 and concerns responsibility for creation. Genesis 1:27 supports life’s sacred value by teaching that humans are made in God’s image."},{"text":"Humans are formed from the dust of the ground (creation).","correct":false,"explanation":"Formation from dust appears in Genesis 2:7, not Genesis 1:27. The verse supporting sacred human value says that humans are made in the image of God."},{"text":"Humans are placed above the angels of heaven (superiority).","correct":false,"explanation":"Genesis 1:27 does not teach that humans are above angels. It grounds human dignity in Imago Dei, the belief that humans are made in God’s image."}]},{"id":"848337a5-66fe-46de-8d69-41d08da4da06","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"In Britain, until when is abortion legal under specific conditions?","back":"Up to 24 weeks of pregnancy.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Up to 24 weeks of pregnancy.","correct":true,"explanation":"In Great Britain, abortion is generally permitted under specified legal conditions before 24 weeks. Certain serious circumstances can allow it later in pregnancy."},{"text":"Up to 12 weeks of pregnancy.","correct":false,"explanation":"This may be confused with limits used in some other countries, but it is not Britain’s general legal limit. The specified limit is normally 24 weeks."},{"text":"Up to 20 weeks of pregnancy.","correct":false,"explanation":"This is a plausible near-miss based on debates about foetal development, but Britain’s general legal limit under specified conditions is 24 weeks."},{"text":"Up to 28 weeks of pregnancy.","correct":false,"explanation":"This was the original limit under the 1967 Abortion Act, creating a common historical mix-up. The general limit was later reduced to 24 weeks."}]},{"id":"83a28d0d-262d-4bcd-b199-f42dd2f8dbc9","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"For Roman Catholics, when does human life begin?","back":"At conception.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"At conception.","correct":true,"explanation":"Roman Catholic teaching holds that a new human life begins when sperm fertilises the egg. It should therefore receive full protection from conception."},{"text":"At implantation.","correct":false,"explanation":"Implantation occurs after fertilisation and is sometimes treated as a significant biological stage. Roman Catholic teaching instead holds that human life begins at conception."},{"text":"At ensoulment.","correct":false,"explanation":"Ensoulment is especially associated with Islamic discussion about when the soul enters the foetus. Roman Catholics teach that human life must be protected from conception."},{"text":"At birth.","correct":false,"explanation":"Birth marks legal and physical separation from the mother, but Roman Catholic teaching recognises human life much earlier. It begins at conception, when fertilisation occurs."}]},{"id":"9fce07ca-27d9-44fd-adca-08ec93b60f89","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How may the Church of England justify abortion in tragic cases?","back":"As the lesser of two evils through Christian love (agape).","mcqOptions":[{"text":"As the lesser of two evils through Christian love (agape).","correct":true,"explanation":"The Church of England generally opposes abortion but may accept it in exceptional, tragic circumstances when compassionate Christian love identifies it as the least harmful choice."},{"text":"As the greatest happiness through human pleasure (hedonism).","correct":false,"explanation":"This applies a pleasure-based consequentialist approach rather than the Church of England’s Christian reasoning. It may accept abortion as the lesser of two evils through agape."},{"text":"As the woman’s absolute right through personal choice (autonomy).","correct":false,"explanation":"The Church of England does not treat abortion as an unrestricted absolute right. In tragic cases, it may justify abortion as the lesser of two evils through agape."},{"text":"As the inevitable consequence of human wrongdoing (sin).","correct":false,"explanation":"Christian teaching about sin does not make abortion an inevitable or justified consequence. The Church of England may permit it exceptionally as the lesser of two evils through agape."}]},{"id":"5d2b02da-877d-4731-ba16-abd093f2740f","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"In Islam, [ ] is when the soul (ruh) enters the foetus, often placed at [ ].","back":"In Islam, ensoulment is when the soul (ruh) enters the foetus, often placed at 40 or 120 days.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"In Islam, ensoulment is when the soul (ruh) enters the foetus, often placed at 40 or 120 days.","correct":true,"explanation":"Ensoulment names the entry of the soul into the developing foetus. Islamic interpretations commonly place this event at either 40 or 120 days after conception."},{"text":"In Islam, conception is when the soul (ruh) enters the foetus, often placed at 40 or 120 days.","correct":false,"explanation":"Conception is fertilisation, not the name for the soul entering the foetus. That event is ensoulment, which Islamic interpretations often place at 40 or 120 days."},{"text":"In Islam, ensoulment is when the soul (ruh) enters the foetus, often placed at 24 weeks.","correct":false,"explanation":"Twenty-four weeks is associated with the general British abortion limit and foetal viability, not the usual Islamic timings. Ensoulment is often placed at 40 or 120 days."},{"text":"In Islam, quickening is when the soul (ruh) enters the foetus, often placed at 16 or 20 weeks.","correct":false,"explanation":"Quickening refers to the mother first feeling foetal movement, not the soul’s entry. The Islamic concept is ensoulment, often placed at 40 or 120 days."}]},{"id":"389d9602-8c99-490b-8073-15fe4caf4ff8","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"After ensoulment, how is abortion usually judged in Islam?","back":"It is haram - taking a human life.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It is haram - taking a human life.","correct":true,"explanation":"After ensoulment, the foetus is generally considered to possess a soul, so abortion is forbidden as the unlawful taking of human life."},{"text":"It is halal - protecting a human choice.","correct":false,"explanation":"Halal means permitted, but abortion after ensoulment is generally forbidden because the foetus is regarded as possessing a soul. It is therefore considered haram."},{"text":"It is makruh - discouraging a moral choice.","correct":false,"explanation":"Makruh describes an action that is discouraged rather than forbidden. After ensoulment, abortion is normally judged haram because it is viewed as taking human life."},{"text":"It is fard - fulfilling a religious duty.","correct":false,"explanation":"Fard means a compulsory religious duty, which abortion is not. After ensoulment, abortion is normally considered haram because the foetus is believed to have a soul."}]},{"id":"d7f4ebc0-0ccc-4b28-9175-8d8177afbdc6","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What absolute Islamic exception allows abortion at any stage?","back":"A direct threat to the mother’s life.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"A direct threat to the mother’s life.","correct":true,"explanation":"Islam generally permits abortion at any stage when continuing the pregnancy directly endangers the mother’s life, because saving her established life takes priority."},{"text":"A diagnosis of a foetal disability.","correct":false,"explanation":"Disability alone is not an absolute justification for abortion at every stage. The exception that applies throughout pregnancy is a direct danger to the mother’s life."},{"text":"Financial hardship for the mother’s family.","correct":false,"explanation":"Fear of poverty or financial difficulty does not permit abortion at any stage in Islam. The absolute exception is a direct threat to the mother’s life."},{"text":"The pregnancy being completely unplanned.","correct":false,"explanation":"An unintended pregnancy is not an absolute Islamic justification for abortion throughout pregnancy. Permission at any stage requires a direct threat to the mother’s life."}]},{"id":"b31001b7-b1c3-4966-8778-84c36e7a3145","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Humanists are [ ], not pro-abortion, and prioritise the pregnant woman’s [ ].","back":"Humanists are pro-choice, not pro-abortion, and prioritise the pregnant woman’s bodily autonomy.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Humanists are pro-choice, not pro-abortion, and prioritise the pregnant woman’s bodily autonomy.","correct":true,"explanation":"Humanists generally defend the woman’s right to decide rather than promoting abortion itself. This position reflects the importance they place on control over one’s own body."},{"text":"Humanists are pro-life, not pro-abortion, and prioritise the pregnant woman’s bodily autonomy.","correct":false,"explanation":"A pro-life position prioritises preserving foetal life and conflicts with the emphasis described here. Humanists are generally pro-choice because they prioritise the woman’s bodily autonomy."},{"text":"Humanists are pro-choice, not pro-abortion, and prioritise the pregnant woman’s religious obedience.","correct":false,"explanation":"Humanism is non-religious, so its abortion stance is not based on obedience to divine authority. Humanists generally emphasise pro-choice reasoning and the woman’s bodily autonomy."},{"text":"Humanists are pro-abortion, not pro-abortion, and prioritise the pregnant woman’s bodily autonomy.","correct":false,"explanation":"The common misconception is that supporting legal choice means encouraging abortion. Humanists are pro-choice, not pro-abortion, and defend the pregnant woman’s bodily autonomy."}]},{"id":"315586c3-ac8d-45db-b750-3ed8443a8f69","cardType":"basic","points":3,"front":"How do active and passive euthanasia differ in UK law?","back":"

Active euthanasia: illegal.
Passive euthanasia: legal under strict medical guidelines.

","mcqOptions":[{"text":"

Active euthanasia: illegal.
Passive euthanasia: legal under strict medical guidelines.

","correct":true,"explanation":"UK law prohibits deliberately causing death through active euthanasia. Withdrawing or withholding burdensome treatment can be lawful when strict medical and best-interest procedures are followed."},{"text":"

Active euthanasia: legal with patient consent.
Passive euthanasia: illegal in all circumstances.

","correct":false,"explanation":"Patient consent does not make active euthanasia lawful in the UK, while properly withdrawing treatment is not always illegal. Passive euthanasia can be legal under strict medical guidelines."},{"text":"

Active euthanasia: legal under medical supervision.
Passive euthanasia: legal without medical guidelines.

","correct":false,"explanation":"Medical supervision does not legalise active euthanasia, and treatment cannot be withdrawn without safeguards. Active euthanasia is illegal, while passive euthanasia requires strict medical guidelines."},{"text":"

Active euthanasia: illegal without family consent.
Passive euthanasia: illegal without court approval.

","correct":false,"explanation":"Family consent cannot legalise active euthanasia, and court approval is not required for every withdrawal of treatment. Active euthanasia is illegal; passive euthanasia may follow strict medical guidelines."}]},{"id":"cee186a2-5d07-419a-8926-2dd4009438ad","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Which commandment supports most Christian opposition to active euthanasia?","back":"You shall not murder.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"You shall not murder.","correct":true,"explanation":"Most Christians apply this commandment to active euthanasia because deliberately ending an innocent human life is understood as killing, even when the intention is to relieve suffering."},{"text":"You shall not steal.","correct":false,"explanation":"The prohibition against stealing concerns taking property, not deliberately ending life. Christian opposition to active euthanasia is primarily supported by the commandment, “You shall not murder”."},{"text":"You shall not commit adultery.","correct":false,"explanation":"The commandment concerning adultery governs sexual faithfulness and is unrelated to euthanasia. Opposition to deliberately ending life is supported by “You shall not murder”."},{"text":"Honour your father and your mother.","correct":false,"explanation":"Honouring parents concerns family duties and respect rather than the deliberate ending of life. The commandment most directly used against active euthanasia is “You shall not murder”."}]},{"id":"686ff73d-0efe-4886-b481-3e1d5f578e8e","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Hospices provide [ ]: [ ].","back":"Hospices provide palliative care: pain relief and emotional support.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Hospices provide palliative care: pain relief and emotional support.","correct":true,"explanation":"Hospices focus on comfort rather than curing terminal illness. They manage pain and other symptoms while also supporting the emotional needs of patients and their families."},{"text":"Hospices provide curative care: treatment that eliminates terminal illness.","correct":false,"explanation":"Hospices do not primarily aim to cure a terminal condition. They provide palliative care, which relieves pain and offers emotional support to patients and families."},{"text":"Hospices provide palliative care: treatment that deliberately ends life.","correct":false,"explanation":"Palliative care controls symptoms without intentionally causing death, so it must not be confused with euthanasia. Hospices offer pain relief and emotional support."},{"text":"Hospices provide emergency care: surgery and intensive medical monitoring.","correct":false,"explanation":"Emergency surgery and intensive monitoring are normally provided in acute hospitals, not hospices. Hospices specialise in palliative care through pain relief and emotional support."}]},{"id":"4989dea1-90dc-4b45-b6d3-8da69825f6a0","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why do Muslims reject active euthanasia?","back":"Allah determines the span of every human life.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Allah determines the span of every human life.","correct":true,"explanation":"Muslims believe life is sacred and belongs to Allah, who alone decides when it begins and ends. Active euthanasia wrongly places that decision in human hands."},{"text":"The individual determines the span of every human life.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reflects personal autonomy rather than Islamic teaching. Muslims reject active euthanasia because Allah, not the individual, determines the length and end of each human life."},{"text":"The family determines the span of every human life.","correct":false,"explanation":"A family may contribute to care decisions, but it does not possess divine authority over life and death. Muslims believe Allah determines every person’s lifespan."},{"text":"The doctor determines the span of every human life.","correct":false,"explanation":"Doctors may treat illness and relieve suffering, but Islam does not give them authority deliberately to end life. Muslims believe each lifespan is determined by Allah."}]},{"id":"6b5ffaa7-90b3-4d6d-bdf2-0fd91ab47270","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Which Humanist principle is violated by stopping a suffering person choosing a peaceful death?","back":"Personal autonomy.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Personal autonomy.","correct":true,"explanation":"Humanists emphasise each competent person’s freedom to make informed decisions about their own body and life, including choices about a peaceful death when suffering is unbearable."},{"text":"Religious obedience.","correct":false,"explanation":"Humanism is non-religious and does not base moral decisions on obedience to divine rules. Preventing a competent person’s choice instead conflicts with personal autonomy."},{"text":"Divine authority.","correct":false,"explanation":"Humanists do not appeal to God’s authority when judging assisted dying. Their concern is that denying an informed choice restricts the suffering person’s personal autonomy."},{"text":"Sanctity of life.","correct":false,"explanation":"Sanctity of life is mainly a religious argument for preserving life regardless of choice. The Humanist principle challenged here is personal autonomy over one’s own decisions."}]},{"id":"440bbc51-c6ae-41e9-913b-88e6221ca30b","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"[ ] means caring for the world on God’s behalf; [ ] means authority over it.","back":"Stewardship means caring for the world on God’s behalf; dominion means authority over it.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Stewardship means caring for the world on God’s behalf; dominion means authority over it.","correct":true,"explanation":"Stewardship is the responsibility to care for creation on God’s behalf, while dominion refers to humanity’s authority or rule over the natural world."},{"text":"Dominion means caring for the world on God’s behalf; stewardship means authority over it.","correct":false,"explanation":"The two concepts have been reversed. Stewardship means responsible care for God’s creation, whereas dominion is the authority humans are described as having over it."},{"text":"Creation means caring for the world on God’s behalf; stewardship means authority over it.","correct":false,"explanation":"Creation is the world brought into existence by God, not the duty of caring for it. That duty is stewardship, while authority over creation is dominion."},{"text":"Stewardship means caring for the world on God’s behalf; creation means authority over it.","correct":false,"explanation":"Stewardship correctly describes caring for the world, but creation does not mean authority over it. The term for humanity’s authority over nature is dominion."}]},{"id":"6a623a11-eb16-4723-abe4-becb634abf26","cardType":"basic","points":3,"front":"What is the usual modern Christian compromise on animal testing?","back":"

Reject cosmetic/household testing.
Allow necessary medical testing for life-threatening diseases.

","mcqOptions":[{"text":"

Reject cosmetic/household testing.
Allow necessary medical testing for life-threatening diseases.

","correct":true,"explanation":"Many modern Christians oppose testing animals for non-essential consumer products but accept strictly necessary medical research when it may save lives from serious diseases."},{"text":"

Allow cosmetic/household testing.
Reject necessary medical testing for life-threatening diseases.

","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the usual compromise. Non-essential cosmetic testing is rejected, while necessary medical testing may be accepted when it addresses life-threatening disease."},{"text":"

Reject cosmetic/household testing.
Reject necessary medical testing for life-threatening diseases.

","correct":false,"explanation":"A total ban reflects an absolutist position rather than the usual compromise. Many Christians permit necessary medical testing for serious diseases while rejecting cosmetic testing."},{"text":"

Allow cosmetic/household testing.
Allow routine medical testing for minor illnesses.

","correct":false,"explanation":"Permitting non-essential products and minor medical research gives insufficient weight to animal suffering. The usual compromise rejects cosmetic testing and limits permission to necessary, life-saving research."}]},{"id":"79aaafdf-6467-4f06-b2cb-c341c1c61f11","cardType":"basic","points":3,"front":"What is the usual Islamic rule on animal testing?","back":"

Only essential medical research.
No viable alternative.
Minimum pain; cosmetics forbidden.

","mcqOptions":[{"text":"

Only essential medical research.
No viable alternative.
Minimum pain; cosmetics forbidden.

","correct":true,"explanation":"Islam permits animal testing only when serious medical need makes it essential, no workable alternative exists, and suffering is minimised; non-essential cosmetic testing is forbidden."},{"text":"

Only essential cosmetic research.
No viable alternative.
Minimum pain; medicine forbidden.

","correct":false,"explanation":"Cosmetic research is not essential enough to justify harming animals in Islam. Testing is restricted to essential medical research with no viable alternative and minimum suffering."},{"text":"

Any useful medical research.
Even with a viable alternative.
Minimum pain; cosmetics forbidden.

","correct":false,"explanation":"Usefulness alone does not make testing permissible, especially if another method is available. Islamic teaching restricts it to essential medical research without a viable alternative."},{"text":"

Only essential medical research.
No viable alternative.
Unlimited pain; cosmetics permitted.

","correct":false,"explanation":"Essential purpose and lack of alternatives do not permit unlimited suffering or cosmetic experiments. Islamic animal welfare requires pain to be minimised and forbids cosmetic testing."}]},{"id":"d6b898d5-65a9-4a7f-8a4c-75d84581b639","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Which ethical theory do many Humanists use in animal ethics?","back":"Utilitarianism: maximise happiness and minimise suffering for sentient beings.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Utilitarianism: maximise happiness and minimise suffering for sentient beings.","correct":true,"explanation":"Utilitarianism assesses actions by their consequences, so many Humanists apply it by weighing happiness against suffering for all sentient beings, including non-human animals."},{"text":"Deontology: follow absolute duties regardless of suffering for sentient beings.","correct":false,"explanation":"Deontology focuses on duties and rules rather than calculating overall happiness and suffering. The consequence-based theory commonly used by Humanists in animal ethics is utilitarianism."},{"text":"Natural law: preserve natural purposes and minimise interference with sentient beings.","correct":false,"explanation":"Natural law judges conduct through natural purposes and moral principles, not by balancing pleasure and pain. Utilitarianism instead aims to maximise happiness and minimise suffering."},{"text":"Ethical egoism: maximise personal happiness and minimise personal suffering among sentient beings.","correct":false,"explanation":"Ethical egoism prioritises the individual’s own interests rather than the welfare of every sentient being. Utilitarianism considers overall happiness and suffering across those affected."}]},{"id":"25ca9a4e-b27a-4d36-93b0-f53a2ff8d655","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does Peter Singer call favouring humans simply because they are human?","back":"Speciesism.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Speciesism.","correct":true,"explanation":"Singer uses speciesism for unjustly giving greater moral importance to humans merely because they belong to the human species, comparing it with other forms of discrimination."},{"text":"Anthropocentrism.","correct":false,"explanation":"Anthropocentrism is a broader human-centred outlook, but Singer’s specific term for prejudice that favours humans simply because of their species is speciesism."},{"text":"Human exceptionalism.","correct":false,"explanation":"Human exceptionalism claims that humans possess a unique status or qualities. Singer specifically labels unjust preference based solely on species membership as speciesism."},{"text":"Sentientism.","correct":false,"explanation":"Sentientism gives moral consideration according to the capacity for conscious experience and suffering. Singer calls discrimination based simply on belonging to another species speciesism."}]},{"id":"e1721073-7dd7-4cdb-8a73-5ff396a198ee","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"[ ] means selfless Christian love and can justify exceptions in cases of suffering.","back":"Agape means selfless Christian love and can justify exceptions in cases of suffering.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Agape","correct":true,"explanation":"Agape is unconditional, self-giving Christian love. Situation ethics may use this loving concern to justify departing from a rule when strict obedience would increase suffering."},{"text":"Eros","correct":false,"explanation":"Eros describes romantic or passionate love rather than selfless concern for others. The Christian concept used to justify compassionate exceptions in cases of suffering is agape."},{"text":"Philia","correct":false,"explanation":"Philia refers to affectionate friendship between equals, not unconditional self-giving love. Agape is the Christian love that prioritises another person’s welfare in difficult situations."},{"text":"Storge","correct":false,"explanation":"Storge means the natural affection commonly found within families. Selfless Christian love that can support compassionate exceptions to moral rules is called agape."}]}]}],"examCountdown":{"examDate":"2027-05-13","paperLabel":"Paper 1"},"heading":"Theme B: Religion and life","title":"Theme B: Religion and life Flashcards","topbar":{"backHref":"/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/a/flashcards"},"topicSidebar":"$L38"}]}],"topicId":"f6838cf5-ddf7-538d-955d-4575aa497c54","walled":"$L39"}],"$L3a","$L3b"]