A psychologist tests whether a relaxation exercise reduces anxiety about public speaking. She expects the exercise to work, so she reads the instructions more enthusiastically to participants who complete it than to participants in the other condition. An observer who knows which condition each participant completed records uncertain behaviour as ‘calm’ more often for the relaxation-exercise group. Explain two different sources of bias in this study.
173 exam-style questions on OCR GCSE Psychology 7.3 Analysing Research, covering 7.3.1 Types of Data, 7.3.2 Measures of central tendency, 7.3.3 Other descriptive statistics, 7.3.4 Tables, Charts and Graphs, 7.3.5 Reliability, 7.3.6 Validity and effects on validity, and 7.3.7 Sources of bias. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.