A group of students completed four memory activities. Their results are shown in the table.
| Activity | Result |
|---|---|
| A | Students viewed 4, 7, 10 or 13 common objects before the objects were covered. The mean numbers recalled immediately were 4.0, 6.6, 7.2 and 7.1 respectively. |
| B | Students read words silently and recalled them immediately after the words were removed. Most errors involved replacing a word with one that rhymed with it. |
| C | Students viewed six unfamiliar symbols and then counted backwards for 30 seconds before recall. Most of the symbols were forgotten. |
| D | Six months after a first-aid course, students accurately described what the safety instructions meant but could not reproduce their exact wording. |
Using Activity A, explain one conclusion about the capacity of short-term memory.
Explain what Activities B, C and D suggest about the duration and encoding of information in short-term memory and long-term memory.
84 exam-style questions on OCR GCSE Psychology 5.2 Theories/Explanations, covering 5.2.1 Multi-store Model structure, 5.2.2 Differences between memory stores; criticisms, 5.2.3 Multi-store Model research study: Wilson et al. (2008), 5.2.4 Reconstructive memory: schemas, experience and expectation, 5.2.5 Reconstructive memory: confabulation and leading questions; criticisms, and 5.2.6 Reconstructive Memory research study: Braun, Ellis and Loftus (2002). Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.