A researcher studied two groups of 24 six-year-old children. The children in a drama club regularly acted out situations from different characters' viewpoints. The children in a nature club regularly discussed the differences between living things and objects.
Each child completed two tasks. In the first task, the child selected a picture showing what a puppet on the opposite side of a model could see. In the second task, the child was asked whether a cloud had chosen to make it rain.
| Responses on the two tasks | Drama club | Nature club |
|---|---|---|
| Selected the puppet's view and said the cloud chose to make it rain | 13 | 4 |
| Selected their own view and said the cloud did not choose to make it rain | 2 | 10 |
| Selected the puppet's view and said the cloud did not choose to make it rain | 5 | 8 |
| Selected their own view and said the cloud chose to make it rain | 4 | 2 |
Use these results to explain two problems they raise for Piaget's theory of invariant stages.
104 exam-style questions on OCR GCSE Psychology 2.2 Theories/Explanations, covering 2.2.1 Piaget's four invariant stages, 2.2.2 Assimilation and accommodation, 2.2.3 Object permanence, animism, egocentrism, 2.2.4 Decentration, reversibility, conservation; criticisms, 2.2.5 Cognitive Development research study: Piaget (1952), 2.2.6 Dweck's fixed and growth mindsets, 2.2.7 Willingham's learning styles and meaning; criticisms, and 2.2.8 Learning research study: Blackwell et al. (2007). Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.