Older gang members threaten a teenager until the teenager agrees to carry stolen goods for them. The threats stop each time the teenager agrees. On later occasions the teenager agrees more quickly, although the gang never gives any reward.
Explain why the teenager's behaviour is an example of negative reinforcement rather than positive reinforcement.
48 exam-style questions on Edexcel GCSE Psychology 6.1 Criminal psychology, covering 6.1.1 Learning theories of criminality, 6.1.2 Biological explanations of criminality (Eysenck, 1964), 6.1.3 Effects of punishments on recidivism, and 6.1.4 Treatments to reduce criminal behaviour. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.