A psychologist studies obedience in 13–14-year-olds. A teacher tells the pupils that taking part is compulsory. Pupils believe they are giving another pupil an unpleasant noise, although no noise is actually played. Several pupils look distressed. The results are published with the pupils' names and classes.

Evaluate the ethical issues in this study and how each should be dealt with. You must consider informed consent, deception, confidentiality, right to withdraw and protection of participants.