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Level 3 (7–9 marks): Mostly accurate and detailed knowledge; clear application; logical analysis and evaluation with a supported judgement. Level 2 (4–6 marks): Some accurate knowledge and relevant application; partly logical but imbalanced analysis or evaluation. Level 1 (1–3 marks): Isolated knowledge; limited application or analysis; assertions rather than a developed response. Level 0 (0 marks): No rewardable material. Indicative content: AO1: - The IV is operationalised as effort praise compared with a neutral comment; the DV is operationalised as time spent on the difficult puzzle or number of attempts made. - Relevant choices include random or stratified sampling, independent measures, repeated measures or matched pairs, standardised procedures, random allocation and single-blind or double-blind procedures. AO2: - The 80 pupils could be randomly allocated to the two praise conditions, with the puzzle, instructions, time limit and room kept the same. - Parental consent and pupil agreement should be obtained, pupils protected from excessive frustration, told they can withdraw and debriefed afterwards. AO3: - Independent measures avoids order effects but risks participant variables; matched pairs on baseline persistence controls this but takes longer to set up. - Random sampling from the 80 pupils reduces sampling bias, but if all pupils come from one school the findings may not generalise to other 14–15-year-olds. - A standardised puzzle, instructions and time limit improve reliability, so the study could be repeated to check the findings. - Operationalising persistence as time on the puzzle is objective, but an artificial puzzle may reduce ecological validity, so the findings may not reflect persistence with real schoolwork. - Deliberately giving a difficult puzzle could cause frustration, so the right to withdraw and a full debrief are needed, but telling pupils the aim in advance could produce demand characteristics. - A strong answer reaches a justified judgement on the best overall design. Cap: Single-skill cap: an answer evidencing only one assessment skill is credited for knowledge and understanding and cannot exceed the top of Level 1 (3 marks). 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11.1 Designing psychological research

Question 2

11.1 Designing psychological research Questions

11.1 Designing psychological research

Question 2

11.1 Designing psychological research Questions