In modern urban transport planning, safety and emergency braking performance are critical factors. Which of the following vehicles requires the greatest average braking force to be brought to rest from its initial speed?
An electric scooter of mass 90 kg90\text{ kg}90 kg traveling at 12 m/s12\text{ m/s}12 m/s brought to rest over a distance of 4.0 m4.0\text{ m}4.0 m
A delivery van of mass 1800 kg1800\text{ kg}1800 kg traveling at 15 m/s15\text{ m/s}15 m/s brought to rest over a distance of 30 m30\text{ m}30 m
An electric cargo bike of mass 240 kg240\text{ kg}240 kg traveling at 8.0 m/s8.0\text{ m/s}8.0 m/s brought to rest over a distance of 3.2 m3.2\text{ m}3.2 m
An electric city bus of mass 12,000 kg12,000\text{ kg}12,000 kg traveling at 5.0 m/s5.0\text{ m/s}5.0 m/s brought to rest over a distance of 15 m15\text{ m}15 m