Beyond Earth

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Question 8
Medium
a.

Helium gas is placed in a glass tube in a laboratory. An emission spectrum is produced.

Complete the sentences to explain the cause of the lines in the emission spectrum.

Use words from the list:

atoms, electrons, light, protons, sound

...................................... move from a higher energy level to a lower energy level and emit ...................................... .

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b.

There is a potential difference of 4500 V4500\text{ V}4500 V across the tube.

A charge of 0.08 C0.08\text{ C}0.08 C flows in the tube.

Calculate the energy transferred.

Use the equation: energy transferred=charge×potential difference\text{energy transferred} = \text{charge} \times \text{potential difference}energy transferred=charge×potential difference

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c.

A special power supply is needed to provide the high potential difference of 4500 V4500\text{ V}4500 V.

Describe one risk of using this power supply.

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d.

The figure below shows the emission spectrum for each of three different galaxies and a laboratory source on Earth.

Four emission spectra bars stacked vertically. At the bottom, a horizontal arrow points to the right, labeled 'Increasing wavelength'. The four spectra from top to bottom are: Galaxy X, Galaxy Y, Galaxy Z, and Laboratory source. Each spectrum contains a group of vertical lines. In the Laboratory source, the lines are near the left end of the bar. In Galaxy Z, the pattern is shifted slightly to the right. In Galaxy Y, the pattern is shifted further to the right. In Galaxy X, the pattern is shifted furthest to the right.

The emission spectrum for each galaxy shows red-shift. Explain what is meant by the term red-shift.

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e.

Which galaxy in the figure is furthest from the Earth? Give a reason for your answer.

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f.

State which theory the spectra from each galaxy gives evidence for.

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Beyond Earth Questions

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