A deep-space research probe of mass m m\,m is initially in a stable circular parking orbit of radius r r\,r around Mars. To prepare for a flyby mission, onboard thrusters transfer the probe to a higher circular orbit of radius 9r9r9r.
How do the gravitational force F F\,F exerted by Mars on the probe and the orbital speed v v\,v of the probe in the new orbit compare to their initial values?
The gravitational force is reduced by a factor of 999, and the orbital speed is reduced by a factor of 333.
The gravitational force is reduced by a factor of 818181, and the orbital speed is reduced by a factor of 333.
The gravitational force is reduced by a factor of 818181, and the orbital speed is reduced by a factor of 999.
The gravitational force is reduced by a factor of 999, and the orbital speed is reduced by a factor of 999.