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24:[["$","$L33",null,{"feature":"flashcards"}],"$L34",["$","$L35",null,{"href":"/gcse/physics/edexcel/waves-at-boundaries/flashcards","label":"4.2 Waves at boundaries","subjectCode":"gcse_physics","surface":"flashcards"}],["$","$L36",null,{"runner":["$","div",null,{"className":"min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-hidden bg-background","children":["$","$L37",null,{"decks":[{"id":"36da8c78-182b-43ba-9752-ab4e1bf37c71","title":"4.2 Waves at boundaries Flashcards","topicId":"47171d32-10f2-46dd-a54e-1907534cf97d","topicSlug":"waves-at-boundaries","cards":[{"id":"f10122bb-7edc-457b-bcea-5df364b26d19","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What happens to a wave during reflection?","back":"It changes direction but remains in the original medium.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"8eba75c3-3460-4c15-9ae1-6f8dab1e1bfd","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"For reflection at a straight boundary, $\\text{[...]}$, with both angles measured from the normal.","back":"For reflection at a straight boundary, $\\boxed{i=r}$, with both angles measured from the normal.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"8158191b-fbf8-4f58-9265-5c931697e217","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"For reflection at a straight boundary, $i=r$, with both angles measured from the [ ].","back":"For reflection at a straight boundary, $i=r$, with both angles measured from the normal.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"0efd5554-a385-4952-a37c-89c92795563e","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"How do speed, frequency and wavelength change during reflection?","back":"They all remain unchanged.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"725357ae-a07d-4ffe-b689-708d336378aa","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why can absorption increase a material's temperature?","back":"Wave energy is transferred to the material.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"a0d28ef8-f337-4159-b109-fa79a7e15f02","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Energy conservation at an interface gives $\\text{[...]}$.","back":"Energy conservation at an interface gives $\\boxed{E_{\\text{incident}}=E_{\\text{reflected}}+E_{\\text{transmitted}}+E_{\\text{absorbed}}}$.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"8cb5f14f-a8ec-4fdf-870a-317b799af472","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does frequency remain constant when a wave crosses a boundary?","back":"The source fixes the frequency.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"7a086d6d-d343-4c60-bdac-8aafd0ef5da2","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"The wave equation is $\\text{[...]}$, so at constant frequency a lower speed produces a shorter wavelength.","back":"The wave equation is $\\boxed{v=f\\lambda}$, so at constant frequency a lower speed produces a shorter wavelength.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"f2b0be27-ed7e-468f-80dd-a1760f7c44b2","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"The wave equation is $v=f\\lambda$, so at constant frequency a lower speed produces a [ ].","back":"The wave equation is $v=f\\lambda$, so at constant frequency a lower speed produces a shorter wavelength.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"5986d138-a747-48ed-856e-f858ba52d699","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"How does an oblique wave bend when it slows at a boundary?","back":"It bends towards the normal.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"e4814bf1-7da9-4c0d-b247-eb3d5afe24db","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"How does an oblique wave bend when it speeds up at a boundary?","back":"It bends away from the normal.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"6ce3e072-9209-4c54-a924-7ce72028a1ce","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does a wave entering along the normal not change direction?","back":"The whole wavefront changes speed simultaneously.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"5f4349e8-9188-479e-93e0-30ef22981557","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What does a coloured filter do to visible wavelengths?","back":"It transmits a limited range and absorbs many others.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"46673930-be6b-4c22-950f-a8c21c02c201","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does an object appear a particular colour?","back":"Only certain reflected or transmitted wavelengths reach the eye.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"ce9599ae-b80e-4b77-becb-77a7cbc0c04a","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How can surface roughness affect reflection at different wavelengths?","back":"A surface may be smooth for long wavelengths but scattering for shorter ones.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"b7d3b574-e32a-4f25-9d7b-97b07354ce8b","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does a prism separate visible light into a spectrum?","back":"Different wavelengths change speed and are refracted by different amounts.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"db204915-d13c-4936-be5d-d95d74d43551","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What is the separation of wavelengths by refraction called?","back":"Dispersion.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"cbd8f50c-5bc4-4629-a0fb-7415dc75d5ce","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why can transmission data alone not determine absorption?","back":"Untransmitted energy may have been absorbed or reflected.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"990cb475-d509-4b4f-bf7f-fa5bd7179e4e","cardType":"basic","points":3,"front":"How does an angled wavefront change direction during refraction?","back":"

One side changes speed first.
Unequal distances travelled rotate the wavefront.
The perpendicular direction of travel therefore changes.

","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"c9e6578e-c04b-45eb-b939-99b42d51dcc8","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"A boundary receives $120\\ \\text{J}$, reflects $35\\ \\text{J}$ and transmits $50\\ \\text{J}$. How much is absorbed?","back":"$35\\ \\text{J}$.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"eb4042b7-cf2f-48cf-8a40-ce38e9d50ac8","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"A $5.0\\ \\text{Hz}$ wave travels at $0.18\\ \\text{m s}^{-1}$. What is its wavelength?","back":"$0.036\\ \\text{m}$.","mcqOptions":null}]}],"examCountdown":{"examDate":"2027-05-25","paperLabel":"Paper 1"},"heading":"4.2 Waves at boundaries","title":"4.2 Waves at boundaries Flashcards","topbar":{"backHref":"/gcse/physics/edexcel/flashcards"},"topicSidebar":"$L38"}]}],"topicId":"47171d32-10f2-46dd-a54e-1907534cf97d","walled":"$L39"}],"$L3a","$L3b"]