During a glacier survey, a detector records an echo 60 ms after transmitting a pulse from the surface. The upper 30 m of the glacier is compacted snow, in which the pulse travels at 1500 m/s. Beneath the snow, the pulse travels through ice at 3800 m/s before reflecting at the bottom of the glacier. The recorded time includes the outward and return journeys through both materials.
What is the thickness of the ice beneath the compacted snow?
38 m38\ \mathrm{m}38 m
114 m114\ \mathrm{m}114 m
19 m19\ \mathrm{m}19 m
76 m76\ \mathrm{m}76 m
112 exam-style questions on Edexcel GCSE Physics 4.1 Wave properties, covering 4.1.1 Waves transfer energy and information, 4.1.2 Frequency, wavelength, amplitude, period and wavefronts, 4.1.3 Longitudinal and transverse waves, 4.1.4 The wave speed equations, 4.1.5 Measuring wave velocity, and 4.1.6 Calculating depth or distance from waves. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.