A water-treatment system uses ultraviolet radiation. At a fixed lamp power, each small volume of water must be exposed for at least 8 seconds. The flow rate is doubled, reducing exposure time from 12 seconds to 6 seconds. Which change restores the original exposure time, and which hazard must still be controlled?
Halve the illuminated path length; prevent internal heating by microwaves.
Double the illuminated path length; prevent internal heating by microwaves.
Halve the illuminated path length; prevent eye exposure to ultraviolet.
Double the illuminated path length; prevent eye exposure to ultraviolet.
104 exam-style questions on Edexcel GCSE Physics 5.4 Uses and dangers of EM radiation, covering 5.4.1 Dangers of electromagnetic radiation, 5.4.2 Uses of electromagnetic radiation, 5.4.3 Radio waves and oscillations in circuits, and 5.4.4 Changes in atoms and nuclei generating radiation. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.