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Rays, normals and boundaries

Rays, normals and boundaries

Ray diagram at an air-glass boundary with incident, reflected and refracted rays, normal, and labelled angles

Visible light is an electromagnetic wave, and in ray diagrams we show its path with straight lines called rays. At a boundary, the key reference line is the normal, drawn at 90∘90^\circ90∘ to the surface.

Reflection, refraction and lenses Lesson

  1. GCSE
  2. /Physics
  3. /Reflection, refraction and lenses

Step-by-step lessons covering Edexcel GCSE Physics Reflection, refraction and lenses for Foundation and Higher tier. Each lesson works through exam-style questions in Paper 1 and Paper 2 format. Master the required practical work and core equations early, since both papers can draw on content and maths skills from across the whole specification.

Lessons