26da0-b835-4703-bbe9-eaa7d8cd8f30","questionNumber":null,"questionType":"LA","specification":"An industrial radiographer is using a high-activity gamma-emitting isotope, such as Cobalt-60, to conduct non-destructive testing on pipeline welds at an open-air construction site.","difficulty":3,"difficultyBand":"easy","totalMarks":2,"sourceTitle":null,"calculatorUse":null,"parts":[{"id":"90ec3634-cf2f-4653-9f2c-5fcddcf2418a","label":null,"content":"State **two** distinct safety precautions that the radiographer should implement during this field operation to minimize their occupational radiation exposure.","markscheme":"- Use a remote wind-out mechanism or tele-operated cable to expose and retract the source from a safe distance. B1\n- Set up a cordoned-off exclusion zone with warning barriers and radiation signs to keep workers at a safe distance. B1\n- Use a collimator (shielding block with an aperture) to direct the gamma beam strictly toward the weld and minimize scattered radiation. B1\n- Minimize the duration of time that the source is kept in its unshielded/exposed state. B1\n- Wear personal radiation monitoring devices (such as electronic personal dosimeters or film badges) to track cumulative dose in real-time. B1\n- Ensure the source is returned to its heavily shielded container (transport/storage cask) immediately after completing the exposure. B1","marks":2,"order":0,"markingRubric":null,"explanation":{"methods":[{"id":"distance_and_control","label":"Control the source remotely","steps":[{"type":"text","order":2,"title":"Control exposure remotely","content":"Use a remote wind-out mechanism or tele-operated cable to expose and retract the source from a safe distance.\n\nThis earns **B1**. Operating the source remotely means the radiographer can stay well away from the unshielded gamma source, reducing their exposure.","highlights":[{"text":"minimize their occupational radiation exposure","location":"specification"}]},{"type":"text","order":3,"title":"Create an exclusion zone","content":"Set up a cordoned-off exclusion zone with warning barriers and radiation signs to keep workers at a safe distance.\n\nThis earns a second **B1**. The controlled area helps the radiographer remain outside the exposure area while the source is unshielded, reducing their occupational radiation dose.","highlights":[{"text":"minimize their occupational radiation exposure","location":"specification"}]}]}],"generatedAt":"2026-07-22T09:35:37.150Z","modelVersion":"gpt-5.6-terra+diagrams-1","explanationVersion":"v3"},"options":[]}],"options":[],"explanation":null,"firstAttemptFullMarks":null}],"subjectCode":"gcse_physics","summaries":[{"id":"0148f017-74c4-4539-8c76-87a1c40c9b8d","difficultyBand":"medium","calculatorUse":null},{"id":"0247ac8e-4cdf-48ff-8bce-34b0e9d19b03","difficultyBand":"easy","calculatorUse":null},{"id":"03207909-39b0-4b85-8ba6-b1bd66af0251","difficultyBand":"medium","calculatorUse":null},{"id":"045343b1-9fef-46b2-8dad-e8cbc2d2b4a6","difficultyBand":"easy","calculatorUse":null},{"id":"05371807-f296-48e8-b801-dfd2fa5c2b07","difficultyBand":"easy","calculatorUse":null},{"id":"061cb2db-05c3-43fe-85e5-723dfb39cd36","difficultyBand":"easy","calculatorUse":null},{"id":"068957c5-2efd-4fd0-adb6-b0095ef381f9","difficultyBand":"easy","calculatorUse":null},{"id":"106b54b1-f43c-47df-8dfd-725c489a8b5a","difficultyBand":"easy","calculatorUse":null},{"id":"1092469a-0cdb-4ed3-ad55-1679910cbf00","difficultyBand":"easy","calculatorUse":null},{"id":"1364675f-6a0e-4ec9-b6bc-b935f98719cf","difficultyBand":"easy","calculatorUse":null},{"id":"18221049-77cd-44b9-8c0e-e78e5e12d36a","difficultyBand":"medium","calculatorUse":null},{"id":"1a90bd39-b709-4b0e-8cc2-5fcf69c28b9e","difficultyBand":"easy","calculatorUse":null},{"id":"1e59033c-d16f-43d7-8a49-5d0ed165cf0b","difficultyBand":"medium","calculatorUse":null},{"id":"2099324e-f667-46ac-b0cb-9113f8a1ac18","difficultyBand":"hard","calculatorUse":null},{"id":"254c6ef0-bdce-4cb6-8e56-b203f6369de1","difficultyBand":

Radiation safety and nuclear energy

Question 57

Radiation safety and nuclear energy Questions

Radiation safety and nuclear energy

Question 57

Radiation safety and nuclear energy Questions