ts thrust force to $2450 \\text{ N}$ B1\n- Rearranges $F = ma$ and substitutes values to get $m = \\frac{2450}{1.65}$ M1\n- Obtains $1480 \\text{ kg}$ (to 3 s.f.) A1","marks":3,"order":0,"markingRubric":null,"explanation":{"methods":[{"id":"newtons_second_law","label":"Use Newton's second law","steps":[{"type":"text","order":0,"title":"Convert the thrust","content":"The thrust is given in kilonewtons, but the force unit in $F=ma$ is newtons.\n\nSince $1\\text{ kN}=1000\\text{ N}$,\n\n$$2.450\\text{ kN}=2450\\text{ N}.$$\n\nThis unit conversion earns the **B1** mark.","highlights":[{"text":"$$2.450 \\text{ kN}$","location":"specification"}]},{"type":"hyper_latex","block":{"nodes":[{"latex":"\\htmlData{anchor=law}{F=ma}"},{"latex":"m=\\frac{\\htmlData{anchor=force-symbol}{F}}{\\htmlData{anchor=acceleration-symbol}{a}}"},{"latex":"m=\\frac{\\htmlData{anchor=force-value}{2450}}{\\htmlData{anchor=acceleration-value}{1.65}}"}],"connections":[{"to":"force-symbol","from":"law","color":"sky","label":"divide by a"},{"to":"force-value","from":"force-symbol","color":"orange","label":"substitute force"},{"to":"acceleration-value","from":"acceleration-symbol","color":"orange","label":"substitute acceleration"}]},"order":1,"title":"Rearrange the equation","description":"Use Newton's second law: F = ma. Divide both sides by the acceleration to make mass the subject. This rearrangement and substitution earn the M1 mark."},{"type":"text","order":2,"title":"Round the mass","content":"$$$m=1484.848\\ldots\\text{ kg}$$\n\nTo three significant figures, this is\n\n$$\\boxed{1480\\text{ kg}}.$$\n\nThe zero is needed to show the answer is given to three significant figures. This earns the **A1** mark.","highlights":[{"text":"Give your answer to three significant figures.","location":"specification"}]}]}],"generatedAt":"2026-07-22T12:09:15.857Z","modelVersion":"gpt-5.6-terra+diagrams-1","explanationVersion":"v3"},"options":[]}],"options":[],"explanation":null,"firstAttemptFullMarks":null},{"id":"8c7431d8-bede-48f1-aa8a-5018e55fa59d","revisionId":"6bbaa24c-d9ed-4959-aed4-9b1daaeee8f5","questionNumber":null,"questionType":"LA","specification":"Two students want to investigate the conservation of linear momentum during an \"explosion\" event on a horizontal low-friction track.\n\nThey place two carts, $P$ and $Q$, in contact and at rest. Cart $P$ has a spring-loaded plunger which, when released, pushes the carts apart in opposite directions.\n\nEach cart is fitted with an interrupting card of length $L$.\n\nTwo light gates are positioned on either side of the starting position: Light Gate 1 to detect the passage of Cart $P$ as it moves to the left, and Light Gate 2 to detect the passage of Cart $Q$ as it moves to the right.\n\n![Carts P and Q on a track, with light gates 1 and 2](https://assets.mathsgenie.co.uk/aqa-qb/6653a7ec-335f-4aea-98f7-bbb4d71eaa6c.png)","difficulty":7,"difficultyBand":"medium","totalMarks":4,"sourceTitle":null,"calculatorUse":null,"parts":[{"id":"64b7550c-3d1b-4a67-bd8f-5490fecebbe9","label":null,"content":"Describe an investigation the students could carry out to show that momentum is conserved during this interaction.","markscheme":"- Measure the mass of Cart $P$ ($m_P$) and Cart $Q$ ($m_Q$) using a digital balance. M1\n- Release the plunger and record the time ($t_1$) for Cart $P$ to pass through Light Gate 1, and the time ($t_2$) for Cart $Q$ to pass through Light Gate 2. Calculate the speeds of the carts using $v_P = \\frac{L}{t_1}$ and $v_Q = \\frac{L}{t_2}$. M1\n- Assign opposite signs to the velocities because they move in opposite directions, representing velocity as vector quantities (e.g. taking right as positive, $v_Q = +\\frac{L}{t_2}$ and $v_P = -\\frac{L}{t_1}$). A1\n- State that initial momentum is zero, and calculate the total final momentum as $p_{\\text{final}} = m_Q v_Q + m_P v_P = m_Q\\left(\\frac{L}{t_2}\\right) - m_P\\left(\\frac{L}{t_1}\\right)$, then check if this total final momentum is approximately zero within

Newton's laws and momentum

Question 22

Newton's laws and momentum Questions

Newton's laws and momentum

Question 22

Newton's laws and momentum Questions