In an industrial chocolate factory, steam is passed through a metal jacket surrounding a vat to heat chocolate from 18∘C18^\circ\text{C}18∘C to 45∘C45^\circ\text{C}45∘C.
Give two reasons why the actual mass of steam needed to heat the chocolate is greater than the calculated value of 12 kg.
36 exam-style questions on Edexcel GCSE Physics 14.2 Specific heat capacity and latent heat. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.