In an industrial chocolate factory, steam is passed through a metal jacket surrounding a vat to heat chocolate from 18∘C18^\circ\text{C}18∘C to 45∘C45^\circ\text{C}45∘C.
Give two reasons why the actual mass of steam needed to heat the chocolate is greater than the calculated value of 12 kg.
36 exam-style questions on Edexcel GCSE Physics 14.2 Specific heat capacity and latent heat, covering 14.2.1 Heating, temperature and changes of state, 14.2.2 Specific heat capacity and specific latent heat, 14.2.3 Specific heat capacity calculation, 14.2.4 Specific latent heat calculation, and 14.2.5 Reducing energy transfer through thermal insulation. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.