A coat originally costs £80. Its price is reduced by £20. Find the reduction as a percentage of the original price.

1. Identify the original amount and the change: original £80, change £20.

2. Compare the change with the original amount:

   $$\frac{20}{80}\times 100=25$$

3. The reduction is 25% of the original price.

Last year, a bill was £1680. This year, it is £1764. Work out the percentage increase, giving your answer to 1 decimal place.

1. Identify the original and new amounts: original £1680, new £1764.

2. Find the change:

   $$1764-1680=84$$

3. Divide the change by the original amount, then multiply by 100:

   $$\frac{84}{1680}\times 100=5$$

4. The bill went up, so the answer is 5.0% increase to 1 decimal place.

A yearly insurance cost was £386. The next year it was £354. Work out the percentage decrease to 1 decimal place.

1. Identify the original and new amounts: original £386, new £354.

2. Find the change:

   $$386-354=32$$

3. Divide by the original amount and multiply by 100:

   $$\frac{32}{386}\times 100=8.290\dots$$

4. The cost went down, so the answer is 8.3% decrease to 1 decimal place.

Aisha buys a flat for £185,000. She later sells it for £199,800. Calculate her percentage profit.

1. Find the profit by subtracting the cost price from the selling price:

   $$199800-185000=14800$$

2. Compare the profit with the original cost price:

   $$\frac{14800}{185000}\times 100=8$$

3. Aisha made an 8% profit.

Ben buys a car for £12,500. He sells it for £9,800. Work out his percentage loss.

1. Find the loss by subtracting the selling price from the cost price:

   $$12500-9800=2700$$

2. Compare the loss with the original cost price:

   $$\frac{2700}{12500}\times 100=21.6$$

3. Ben made a 21.6% loss.

Maya buys 1.2 kg of sweets for £2.40. She puts 200 g of sweets into each bag. She sells each bag for 50p. Work out her percentage profit.

1. Convert 1.2 kg into grams:

   $$1.2\times 1000=1200$$

2. Work out how many bags she can make:

   $$1200÷200=6$$

3. Convert 50p to £0.50, then find the total selling money:

   $$6\times 0.50=3.00$$

4. Find the profit:

   $$3.00-2.40=0.60$$

5. Compare the profit with the original cost:

   $$\frac{0.60}{2.40}\times 100=25$$

6. Maya made a 25% profit.

A company sold 14.8 million devices one year and 13.9 million the next year. Work out the percentage decrease to 3 significant figures.

1. Identify the original and new amounts: original 14.8 million, new 13.9 million.

2. Find the change:

   $$14.8-13.9=0.9$$

3. Divide by the original amount and multiply by 100:

   $$\frac{0.9}{14.8}\times 100=6.081081\dots$$

4. Round to 3 significant figures: 6.08% decrease.