In tundra cold environments where winter temperatures regularly fall below −40∘C-40^\circ\text{C}−40∘C and soils are underlaid by permafrost, which statement correctly describes a key ecological adaptation of vegetation to survive these harsh conditions?
Developing deep taproots exceeding 2 m2\text{ m}2 m in depth to breach the permafrost table and draw up liquid groundwater during the freezing winter months.
Having broad, thin leaves with surface areas greater than 50 cm250\text{ cm}^250 cm2 to capture maximum low-angle solar radiation during the continuous daylight of the short summer.
Growing in compact, low-to-the-ground cushion shapes that trap pockets of air, maintaining internal temperatures up to 5∘C5^\circ\text{C}5∘C warmer than the surrounding air.
Producing tall, flexible stems up to 3 m3\text{ m}3 m high that can bend under heavy snow loads to prevent physical breakage and shedding of foliage.
