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pentameter, typically using five iambic feet and ten syllables in each line."},{"text":"Blank verse is rhymed poetry written in iambic pentameter.","correct":false,"explanation":"Regular end rhyme would make the poetry rhymed verse rather than blank verse. Blank verse is unrhymed poetry written in iambic pentameter."},{"text":"Blank verse is unrhymed poetry written in trochaic tetrameter.","correct":false,"explanation":"Trochaic tetrameter uses four predominantly stressed-unstressed feet, not the five unstressed-stressed feet characteristic of blank verse. Blank verse uses iambic pentameter."},{"text":"Blank verse is rhymed poetry written in free verse.","correct":false,"explanation":"Free verse has no regular metrical pattern, so it cannot define blank verse. Blank verse is specifically unrhymed poetry written in regular iambic pentameter."}]},{"id":"25cec733-1ab5-4acc-9780-b67ac48ac7cb","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Iambic pentameter has [ ] and [ ] per line.","back":"Iambic pentameter has five beats and ten syllables per line.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Iambic pentameter has five beats and ten syllables per line.","correct":true,"explanation":"The word “pentameter” indicates five metrical feet or beats. Each iamb normally contains two syllables, producing ten syllables in a regular line."},{"text":"Iambic pentameter has four beats and eight syllables per line.","correct":false,"explanation":"Four beats and eight syllables describe iambic tetrameter, not pentameter. Iambic pentameter contains five beats, usually formed from ten syllables."},{"text":"Iambic pentameter has ten beats and five syllables per line.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the numbers of beats and syllables. Five two-syllable iambs produce five beats and ten syllables in a regular pentameter line."},{"text":"Iambic pentameter has five beats and eleven syllables per line.","correct":false,"explanation":"Eleven syllables may occur through a feminine ending, but it is not the standard pattern. Regular iambic pentameter has five beats and ten syllables."}]},{"id":"05ed32ec-9908-4ebf-8725-d16c2b504039","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What social effect does blank verse create for noble speakers?","back":"It signals educated, controlled authority.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It signals educated, controlled authority.","correct":true,"explanation":"Blank verse displays command of a disciplined poetic form, so its use by noble speakers conveys their education, self-control and elevated social authority."},{"text":"It signals informal, spontaneous familiarity.","correct":false,"explanation":"Prose or disrupted metre is more likely to suggest informal spontaneity. Blank verse instead signals the noble speaker’s educated, controlled authority."},{"text":"It signals uneducated, marginalised weakness.","correct":false,"explanation":"Blank verse is associated with elevated status rather than social exclusion. For noble speakers, its disciplined metre signals educated, controlled authority."},{"text":"It signals frantic, uncontrolled panic.","correct":false,"explanation":"Although characters may use verse emotionally, the form itself does not inherently signal panic. Its disciplined pattern conventionally conveys educated, controlled authority."}]},{"id":"8b0c657d-26e0-4c98-8e3c-9de9cc6402d9","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What makes prose formally different from blank verse?","back":"It has no metre or rhyme.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It has no metre or rhyme.","correct":true,"explanation":"Unlike blank verse, prose is arranged as ordinary sentences and does not follow a regular metrical scheme or an organised pattern of rhyme."},{"text":"It has regular metre but no rhyme.","correct":false,"explanation":"Regular metre without rhyme describes blank verse rather than prose. Prose is formally distinguished because it follows neither metre nor rhyme."},{"text":"It has rhyme but no metre.","correct":false,"explanation":"A rhyme pattern would make the language formally poetic, even without regular metre. Prose is defined here by having no metre or rhyme."},{"text":"It has fixed metre and rhyme.","correct":false,"explanation":"Fixed metre and rhyme are features of tightly structured verse, not prose. Prose has neither a regular metre nor a rhyme scheme."}]},{"id":"a1dfe0e5-7ca1-4cda-81b3-c8964d7eb991","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What does the Act 1, Scene 1 contrast between tribunes' verse and commoners' prose reveal?","back":"It reveals Rome's class division and political instability.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It reveals Rome's class division and political instability.","correct":true,"explanation":"The tribunes’ controlled verse contrasts with the commoners’ prose, dramatising Rome’s social hierarchy while their confrontation exposes growing political disorder."},{"text":"It reveals Rome's social equality and political stability.","correct":false,"explanation":"The clash between tribunes and commoners presents neither social equality nor political security. Their contrasting forms reveal Rome's class division and political instability."},{"text":"It reveals Rome's class unity and political cooperation.","correct":false,"explanation":"The formal contrast concerns status and public conflict, not harmony between social groups. It reveals Rome's class division and political instability."},{"text":"It reveals Rome's popular sophistication and cultural progress.","correct":false,"explanation":"The commoners’ prose does not establish their cultural superiority over the tribunes. The contrast instead exposes Rome's class division and political instability."}]},{"id":"d9123507-4748-453d-ba4e-5d8bd89b1213","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why might a noble character deliberately switch from blank verse to prose?","back":"To speak down to the public.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"To speak down to the public.","correct":true,"explanation":"A noble can abandon elevated blank verse for less formal prose to lower the register, marking a condescending attempt to address the public on supposedly simpler terms."},{"text":"To display education to the public.","correct":false,"explanation":"Blank verse, rather than prose, more conventionally displays elite education and formal authority. A deliberate move into prose can instead allow a noble to speak down to the public."},{"text":"To claim equality with the public.","correct":false,"explanation":"Prose may sound accessible, but a noble’s deliberate switch can be condescending rather than egalitarian. The character uses it to speak down to the public."},{"text":"To strengthen authority over the public.","correct":false,"explanation":"A move away from disciplined blank verse does not strengthen the speaker’s metrical control. It can lower the register so the noble may speak down to the public."}]},{"id":"c266874f-2005-4638-8d2a-d5c0e78c2679","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does an uncontrolled switch from blank verse to prose suggest?","back":"Loss of mental clarity or authority.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Loss of mental clarity or authority.","correct":true,"explanation":"An involuntary collapse from disciplined metre into prose can reflect a character’s inability to maintain ordered thought, social control or authoritative self-presentation."},{"text":"Growth of mental discipline or authority.","correct":false,"explanation":"Greater intellectual discipline would normally be conveyed through sustained, controlled verse. An uncontrolled lapse into prose instead suggests loss of mental clarity or authority."},{"text":"Use of calculated persuasion or strategy.","correct":false,"explanation":"An uncontrolled formal change is not evidence of deliberate rhetorical planning. It indicates that the character is losing mental clarity or authority."},{"text":"Gain of social status or influence.","correct":false,"explanation":"Social advancement is not implied by an involuntary collapse into a less elevated form. The switch instead suggests loss of mental clarity or authority."}]},{"id":"36201fc2-971e-4358-9fac-689cc717a1a4","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"The play's macro-structure [ ] and [ ].","back":"The play's macro-structure rises with the conspiracy and falls with its consequences.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The play's macro-structure rises with the conspiracy and falls with its consequences.","correct":true,"explanation":"The conspiracy drives the play’s action towards Caesar’s assassination, while the resulting conflict and deaths create the descending movement of its tragic consequences."},{"text":"The play's macro-structure falls with the conspiracy and rises with its consequences.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the play’s broad dramatic movement. Tension rises as the conspiracy develops and falls through the destructive consequences that follow Caesar’s assassination."},{"text":"The play's macro-structure resolves with the conspiracy and stabilises with its consequences.","correct":false,"explanation":"The conspiracy intensifies rather than resolves the central conflict, while its aftermath produces further disorder. The structure rises with the conspiracy and falls with its consequences."},{"text":"The play's macro-structure rests with the conspiracy and recovers with its consequences.","correct":false,"explanation":"The opening action does not present established peace, and the consequences bring civil war rather than reconciliation. The structure rises with the conspiracy and falls with its consequences."}]},{"id":"70d13f02-e91f-45b0-92c4-d524f45c7a90","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Where does Caesar's assassination sit in the five-act structure?","back":"The climax in Act 3, Scene 1.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The climax in Act 3, Scene 1.","correct":true,"explanation":"Caesar’s assassination is the play’s decisive turning point. It occurs at the beginning of Act 3 and triggers the conflict that destroys Brutus and the conspirators."},{"text":"The exposition in Act 1, Scene 2.","correct":false,"explanation":"The exposition introduces Caesar’s power, the political tensions and the principal characters. The assassination occurs later, forming the climax in Act 3, Scene 1."},{"text":"The rising action in Act 2, Scene 1.","correct":false,"explanation":"Act 2, Scene 1 develops the rising action through Brutus’s decision to join the conspiracy. Caesar’s assassination itself is the climax in Act 3, Scene 1."},{"text":"The resolution in Act 5, Scene 5.","correct":false,"explanation":"The resolution follows Brutus’s death in Act 5, Scene 5, when order is restored. Caesar’s earlier assassination is the climax in Act 3, Scene 1."}]},{"id":"254862f0-567a-4e6c-bae6-388ed7ca463e","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why is Caesar's death not the play's resolution?","back":"It begins Brutus's tragic descent.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It begins Brutus's tragic descent.","correct":true,"explanation":"The assassination does not settle the conflict; it sets in motion Brutus’s loss of public support, military defeat and eventual suicide, forming his tragic descent."},{"text":"It completes Brutus's heroic victory.","correct":false,"explanation":"Brutus initially expects the assassination to save Rome, but its consequences destroy him. Caesar’s death begins Brutus’s tragic descent rather than completing a heroic victory."},{"text":"It restores Rome's political stability.","correct":false,"explanation":"The conspirators believe Caesar’s death will restore the Republic, but it instead causes civil war and disorder. It begins Brutus’s tragic descent rather than resolving Rome’s problems."},{"text":"It confirms Antony's peaceful surrender.","correct":false,"explanation":"Antony does not surrender after the assassination; he turns the crowd against the conspirators and fights them. Caesar’s death therefore begins Brutus’s tragic descent."}]},{"id":"f39009b5-5507-4742-bd4f-89ccdd65519a","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"In classical rhetoric, [ ] appeals to reason, while [ ] appeals to emotion.","back":"In classical rhetoric, logos appeals to reason, while pathos appeals to emotion.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"In classical rhetoric, logos appeals to reason, while pathos appeals to emotion.","correct":true,"explanation":"Logos persuades through reasoning, evidence and logical argument, whereas pathos influences an audience by arousing feelings such as sympathy, fear, anger or pride."},{"text":"In classical rhetoric, ethos appeals to reason, while pathos appeals to emotion.","correct":false,"explanation":"Ethos concerns the speaker’s credibility or character, not logical reasoning. Logos appeals to reason, while pathos appeals to the audience’s emotions."},{"text":"In classical rhetoric, logos appeals to reason, while ethos appeals to emotion.","correct":false,"explanation":"Ethos establishes the speaker’s credibility rather than directly appealing to emotion. Logos appeals to reason, while pathos appeals to feelings and emotional responses."},{"text":"In classical rhetoric, pathos appeals to reason, while logos appeals to emotion.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the two rhetorical appeals. Logos uses logic and reason, whereas pathos persuades by stimulating the audience’s emotions."}]},{"id":"27f55dcb-0a14-4141-88de-c4b8efa528e0","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does Brutus choose prose for his funeral speech?","back":"To address citizens as rational equals.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"To address citizens as rational equals.","correct":true,"explanation":"Brutus uses prose to create a direct, controlled and apparently reasonable relationship with the citizens, treating them as people capable of judging his political argument logically."},{"text":"To address citizens as social inferiors.","correct":false,"explanation":"Although prose can sometimes signal lower status, Brutus uses it here to present a plain logical case to fellow Romans as rational equals."},{"text":"To present himself as Caesar's successor.","correct":false,"explanation":"Brutus does not use prose to claim Caesar’s position or imitate his authority. He adopts it to address the citizens directly as rational equals."},{"text":"To excite citizens through emotional imagery.","correct":false,"explanation":"Emotional persuasion is more characteristic of Antony’s speech. Brutus’s controlled prose supports his logical approach and addresses the citizens as rational equals."}]},{"id":"db1088c3-29db-4741-819c-9280aea08b3d","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Brutus's line “Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more” uses [ ].","back":"Brutus's line “Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more” uses antithesis.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"antithesis","correct":true,"explanation":"Antithesis places contrasting ideas in a balanced grammatical structure. The oppositions between “less” and “more”, and between Caesar and Rome, sharpen Brutus’s claimed choice."},{"text":"alliteration","correct":false,"explanation":"Alliteration is the repetition of initial consonant sounds, which is not the line’s main technique. Its balanced contrast between loving Caesar and loving Rome is antithesis."},{"text":"personification","correct":false,"explanation":"Personification gives human qualities to something non-human, but the line does not depend on that device. Its opposing, balanced clauses create antithesis."},{"text":"onomatopoeia","correct":false,"explanation":"Onomatopoeia uses words that imitate sounds, which this line does not contain. The contrast between loving Caesar less and Rome more is antithesis."}]},{"id":"ba4471a7-cab7-431c-9a30-9b17ab0be402","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What emotional weakness undercuts Brutus's funeral speech?","back":"It is emotionally cold.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It is emotionally cold.","correct":true,"explanation":"Brutus relies on abstract logic and expects the crowd to judge calmly, but he offers little grief or emotional connection. This leaves his argument vulnerable to Antony’s pathos."},{"text":"It is excessively sentimental.","correct":false,"explanation":"Brutus does not overwhelm the crowd with personal feeling; his weakness is the opposite. His restrained, logical manner makes the speech emotionally cold."},{"text":"It is violently accusatory.","correct":false,"explanation":"Brutus calmly justifies Caesar’s death rather than attacking the citizens or conspirators with violent language. The speech is undercut by emotional coldness."},{"text":"It is playfully humorous.","correct":false,"explanation":"Brutus does not use comedy to win the crowd, and humour is not the speech’s emotional weakness. Its formal logic instead makes it emotionally cold."}]},{"id":"5c3fa12d-91a4-457c-bfe6-59f69c62cd32","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How does Antony's repetition of honourable men change meaning?","back":"It turns praise into sarcasm.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It turns praise into sarcasm.","correct":true,"explanation":"Each repetition follows further evidence of Caesar’s compassion and generosity, increasingly contradicting the claim that the conspirators are honourable until the phrase becomes sarcastic."},{"text":"It turns praise into sincere admiration.","correct":false,"explanation":"Antony initially appears respectful, but repeated evidence against the conspirators undermines the phrase’s literal meaning. The apparent praise gradually becomes sarcasm."},{"text":"It turns praise into open accusation.","correct":false,"explanation":"Antony avoids directly accusing the conspirators so that he can appear obedient and let the crowd draw conclusions. The repeated praise therefore becomes sarcasm, not open accusation."},{"text":"It turns praise into comic relief.","correct":false,"explanation":"The repetition is not intended to relieve tension through humour. Its increasingly ironic context converts apparent praise into sarcasm and weakens the conspirators’ credibility."}]},{"id":"9a65f948-d3a9-43f8-b839-31d5a45fe084","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How does Antony's aposiopesis manipulate the crowd?","back":"His pauses let them build their own anger.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"His pauses let them build their own anger.","correct":true,"explanation":"By breaking off as though overcome by grief, Antony gives the citizens time to interpret events themselves. Their shared emotional response intensifies into anger against the conspirators."},{"text":"His pauses let them recover their calmness.","correct":false,"explanation":"The silences do not reduce the crowd’s emotion. They create space for the citizens to dwell on Caesar’s death and build their own anger against the conspirators."},{"text":"His pauses let them forget Caesar's murder.","correct":false,"explanation":"Antony’s broken speech focuses attention on Caesar’s murder rather than distracting from it. The pauses encourage the crowd to reflect and build its own anger."},{"text":"His pauses let them question Caesar's courage.","correct":false,"explanation":"The crowd is encouraged to mourn Caesar and condemn his killers, not doubt his courage. Antony’s pauses allow the citizens to build their own anger."}]},{"id":"42165471-5add-4fdd-9587-5364bfc55ce1","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why is Caesar's blood-stained cloak persuasive?","back":"It makes murder visible and emotional.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It makes murder visible and emotional.","correct":true,"explanation":"The blood-stained cloak provides tangible evidence of Caesar’s wounds, turning the assassination into a vivid spectacle that arouses the crowd’s grief and anger."},{"text":"It makes murder legal and justified.","correct":false,"explanation":"The cloak undermines rather than justifies the assassination by exposing its brutality. It makes murder visible and emotional, encouraging the crowd to sympathise with Caesar."},{"text":"It makes murder abstract and intellectual.","correct":false,"explanation":"Treating the murder as an abstract political issue would reduce its emotional force. The cloak instead makes murder visible and emotional through Caesar’s blood and wounds."},{"text":"It makes murder private and insignificant.","correct":false,"explanation":"The public display of the cloak makes Caesar’s death a matter of urgent collective concern. It makes murder visible and emotional, intensifying the crowd’s response."}]},{"id":"77bcc701-7c16-4613-adc0-1a7ab92da159","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Antony's “I am no orator, as Brutus is” is [ ] designed to seem [ ].","back":"Antony's “I am no orator, as Brutus is” is self-deprecation designed to seem honest and simple.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Antony's “I am no orator, as Brutus is” is self-deprecation designed to seem honest and simple.","correct":true,"explanation":"Antony deliberately plays down his speaking ability so that the crowd sees him as sincere and straightforward, even though his speech is carefully constructed and highly persuasive."},{"text":"Antony's “I am no orator, as Brutus is” is hyperbole designed to seem honest and simple.","correct":false,"explanation":"Hyperbole involves deliberate exaggeration, whereas Antony is pretending to diminish his own abilities. The technique is self-deprecation, used to make him appear honest and simple."},{"text":"Antony's “I am no orator, as Brutus is” is self-deprecation designed to seem arrogant and superior.","correct":false,"explanation":"Antony does not openly present himself as superior, because that would make the crowd suspicious. His self-deprecation is designed to make him seem honest and simple."},{"text":"Antony's “I am no orator, as Brutus is” is direct address designed to seem hostile and threatening.","correct":false,"explanation":"The line neither directly addresses the crowd nor openly threatens them. It uses self-deprecation to make Antony seem honest and simple, concealing his rhetorical skill."}]},{"id":"6e55d4f4-10b5-4996-91b2-a52541109cac","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What is Antony's funeral speech designed to spark?","back":"A riot.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"A riot.","correct":true,"explanation":"Antony manipulates the crowd’s grief and anger until they turn violently against the conspirators. The speech is therefore designed to spark a riot."},{"text":"A debate.","correct":false,"explanation":"Antony does not seek a calm exchange of political arguments; he deliberately inflames the citizens’ emotions. His funeral speech is designed to spark a riot."},{"text":"A reconciliation.","correct":false,"explanation":"The speech increases conflict rather than restoring harmony between the citizens and conspirators. Antony’s emotional rhetoric is designed to spark a riot."},{"text":"A trial.","correct":false,"explanation":"Antony bypasses formal justice by provoking immediate collective violence against the conspirators. His manipulation of the crowd is designed to spark a riot."}]},{"id":"864d84fb-6a00-4279-a277-0c3beea39036","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"In the sickness motif, what does the physical body represent?","back":"The health of the state.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The health of the state.","correct":true,"explanation":"Shakespeare links bodily illness with political disorder, so characters’ sickness reflects Rome’s condition. The physical body therefore represents the health of the state."},{"text":"The strength of the army.","correct":false,"explanation":"The sickness motif concerns Rome’s wider political condition, not simply its military power. The physical body represents the health of the state and its vulnerability to disorder."},{"text":"The wealth of the citizens.","correct":false,"explanation":"Physical illness is not used chiefly to comment on personal prosperity. It symbolises the health of the state, connecting damaged bodies with political instability."},{"text":"The unity of the family.","correct":false,"explanation":"The motif extends beyond private family relationships to Rome as a political body. The physical body represents the health of the state as order breaks down."}]},{"id":"658ad054-efe2-4855-a1f6-aa40d1aa091e","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What do Caesar's epilepsy and deafness contrast with?","back":"His god-like reputation.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"His god-like reputation.","correct":true,"explanation":"Caesar’s epilepsy and deafness expose his ordinary human vulnerability, sharply contrasting with the elevated public image that gives him a god-like reputation."},{"text":"His fear of Cassius.","correct":false,"explanation":"Caesar’s suspicion of Cassius is another sign of vulnerability, so it does not provide the main contrast. His physical weaknesses challenge his god-like reputation."},{"text":"His loyalty to Brutus.","correct":false,"explanation":"Trust or loyalty concerns Caesar’s personal relationships rather than the contrast created by bodily weakness. His epilepsy and deafness undermine his god-like reputation."},{"text":"His support for the Senate.","correct":false,"explanation":"Caesar’s attitude towards the Senate is political, whereas epilepsy and deafness emphasise physical frailty. This frailty contrasts with his god-like reputation."}]},{"id":"b9952d66-852f-4fb5-928f-eb2afa3d4c3a","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Storms and omens use [ ] to reflect [ ].","back":"Storms and omens use pathetic fallacy to reflect political chaos.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Storms and omens use pathetic fallacy to reflect political chaos.","correct":true,"explanation":"The violent natural world mirrors the disorder surrounding Caesar’s assassination. This use of pathetic fallacy reflects the growing political chaos in Rome."},{"text":"Storms and omens use verbal irony to reflect political chaos.","correct":false,"explanation":"Verbal irony occurs when words communicate a meaning different from their literal sense. Here, nature mirrors human disorder through pathetic fallacy, reflecting political chaos."},{"text":"Storms and omens use pathetic fallacy to reflect domestic harmony.","correct":false,"explanation":"The violent weather does not suggest peaceful relationships or stability. The pathetic fallacy reflects political chaos as Rome moves towards assassination and civil conflict."},{"text":"Storms and omens use comic relief to reflect social stability.","correct":false,"explanation":"The supernatural signs create tension rather than humour, and they indicate disorder rather than stability. They use pathetic fallacy to reflect political chaos."}]},{"id":"61561b69-6e44-4e6e-a170-fa194b0dd0ac","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"For Tudor audiences, what did assassinating a God-chosen ruler violate?","back":"The Great Chain of Being.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The Great Chain of Being.","correct":true,"explanation":"Tudor audiences believed God established a fixed hierarchy with the monarch near its summit. Killing a divinely appointed ruler violated the Great Chain of Being."},{"text":"The classical unities.","correct":false,"explanation":"The classical unities are dramatic conventions concerning time, place and action, not divine political hierarchy. Regicide violated the Great Chain of Being for Tudor audiences."},{"text":"The Protestant work ethic.","correct":false,"explanation":"The Protestant work ethic concerns the religious value attached to discipline and labour. Assassinating a God-chosen ruler instead violated the Great Chain of Being."},{"text":"The code of chivalry.","correct":false,"explanation":"Chivalry governed ideals of knightly behaviour, but it did not define the universe’s divinely ordered hierarchy. Regicide violated the Great Chain of Being."}]}]}],"examCountdown":{"examDate":"2027-05-12","paperLabel":"Paper 1"},"heading":"Language, Form and Structure","title":"Language, Form and Structure Flashcards","topbar":{"backHref":"/gcse/english-literature/aqa/flashcards"},"topicSidebar":"$L38"}]}],"topicId":"4100c797-ee36-55da-bdd0-981f9b449860","walled":"$L39"}],"$L3a","$L3b"]