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wider ideas, cultural values or sections of society, rather than functioning only as a psychologically realistic individual."},{"text":"realistic appearance, habits or speech","correct":false,"explanation":"These details may make a character believable, but they do not define the character’s representative purpose. A construct embodies ideas, values or social groups."},{"text":"historical facts, dates or locations","correct":false,"explanation":"This confuses character construction with factual historical description. A literary construct is created to represent ideas, values or social groups beyond the individual character."},{"text":"purely private thoughts or emotions","correct":false,"explanation":"Focusing only on an individual’s inner life overlooks the wider symbolic function of a construct. Such characters represent ideas, values or social groups."}]},{"id":"ec1183bf-7e74-4529-8eaa-3259d77a37ea","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"In an allegory, characters, settings and events stand for [ ].","back":"In an allegory, characters, settings and events stand for broader moral, political or religious meanings.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"broader moral, political or religious meanings","correct":true,"explanation":"Allegory gives narrative elements a sustained symbolic function, so characters, settings and events communicate broader moral, political or religious meanings beyond the literal story."},{"text":"literal descriptions of ordinary daily life","correct":false,"explanation":"This mistakes allegory for realism, which aims to represent life convincingly. In allegory, narrative elements stand for broader moral, political or religious meanings."},{"text":"the private experiences of their authors","correct":false,"explanation":"This confuses allegory with autobiography. Allegorical characters, settings and events signify broader moral, political or religious meanings rather than simply retelling an author’s life."},{"text":"unrelated details with no symbolic significance","correct":false,"explanation":"Allegorical details are connected by their symbolic purpose, not included randomly. They stand for broader moral, political or religious meanings beyond the surface narrative."}]},{"id":"b687a640-6d37-4fef-b576-fc8eb754e4fc","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"In A Christmas Carol, what social attitude does Scrooge represent?","back":"The selfish attitudes of wealthy Victorian middle-class people.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The selfish attitudes of wealthy Victorian middle-class people.","correct":true,"explanation":"Scrooge embodies wealthy Victorians who prioritise profit and individual responsibility while refusing compassion for the poor, making him a target for Dickens’s social criticism."},{"text":"The charitable attitudes of wealthy Victorian middle-class people.","correct":false,"explanation":"Scrooge initially rejects charity and feels no responsibility for the poor. He represents the selfish attitudes of wealthy Victorian middle-class people, not their generosity."},{"text":"The revolutionary attitudes of oppressed Victorian working-class people.","correct":false,"explanation":"Scrooge is a wealthy businessman rather than an oppressed worker or political revolutionary. He represents selfish wealthy middle-class attitudes towards poverty and social responsibility."},{"text":"The helpless attitudes of impoverished Victorian working-class people.","correct":false,"explanation":"This confuses Scrooge with the poor people harmed by social inequality. He represents the selfish attitudes of wealthy Victorian middle-class people who neglect them."}]},{"id":"f0f2bf76-4e39-4451-8a33-9776552e8aeb","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does Dickens idealise the Cratchits rather than showing extreme poverty realistically?","back":"To make the deserving poor sympathetic to wealthy readers.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"To make the deserving poor sympathetic to wealthy readers.","correct":true,"explanation":"Dickens presents the Cratchits as loving, hardworking and morally good so comfortable readers will view the deserving poor compassionately and recognise their social obligations."},{"text":"To make the idle poor threatening to wealthy readers.","correct":false,"explanation":"The Cratchits are shown as hardworking rather than idle or threatening. Dickens idealises them to make the deserving poor sympathetic to his wealthier readers."},{"text":"To make the wealthy middle classes sympathetic to poor readers.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses Dickens’s intended audience and social purpose. He makes the deserving poor, represented by the Cratchits, sympathetic to readers with greater wealth and influence."},{"text":"To make the criminal underclass frightening to wealthy readers.","correct":false,"explanation":"Dickens does not characterise the Cratchits as criminal or dangerous. Their idealised goodness makes the deserving poor sympathetic to wealthy readers who might otherwise judge them."}]},{"id":"fb415965-6992-4bad-9997-92f458d7921d","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"At the start, Scrooge is described as “hard and sharp as [ ]” and “solitary as [ ]”.","back":"At the start, Scrooge is described as “hard and sharp as flint” and “solitary as an oyster”.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"At the start, Scrooge is described as “hard and sharp as flint” and “solitary as an oyster”.","correct":true,"explanation":"Dickens compares Scrooge to flint to suggest hardness and potential sparks, while the oyster conveys isolation but also hints that something valuable remains hidden within him."},{"text":"At the start, Scrooge is described as “hard and sharp as steel” and “solitary as an oyster”.","correct":false,"explanation":"Steel fits the general imagery of hardness, making it a tempting substitution, but Dickens’s exact simile is “hard and sharp as flint” and “solitary as an oyster”."},{"text":"At the start, Scrooge is described as “hard and sharp as flint” and “solitary as an island”.","correct":false,"explanation":"An island could symbolise isolation, but it is not Dickens’s image. The quotation describes Scrooge as “hard and sharp as flint” and “solitary as an oyster”."},{"text":"At the start, Scrooge is described as “hard and sharp as ice” and “solitary as a wolf”.","correct":false,"explanation":"This blends other conventional images of coldness and isolation into the quotation. Dickens specifically describes Scrooge as “hard and sharp as flint” and “solitary as an oyster”."}]},{"id":"db9824bd-a0df-45f4-81bf-d0ecbdafbb38","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"[ ] attributes human emotions to nature or the environment.","back":"Pathetic fallacy attributes human emotions to nature or the environment.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Pathetic fallacy","correct":true,"explanation":"Pathetic fallacy gives nature or the environment human feelings, often using weather and setting to reflect a character’s mood or establish the emotional atmosphere."},{"text":"Personification","correct":false,"explanation":"Personification gives any non-human thing human qualities, so it is broader than the technique defined here. Human emotions attributed specifically to nature constitute pathetic fallacy."},{"text":"Symbolism","correct":false,"explanation":"Symbolism uses an object, character or image to represent a wider idea. The specific attribution of human emotions to nature or the environment is pathetic fallacy."},{"text":"Foreshadowing","correct":false,"explanation":"Foreshadowing hints at events that will occur later in a text. Giving human emotions to nature or the surrounding environment is instead called pathetic fallacy."}]},{"id":"b06078f4-03e9-4928-9313-92038d2ec99c","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does Scrooge’s cold imagery symbolise in Stave 1?","back":"His lack of human empathy.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"His lack of human empathy.","correct":true,"explanation":"The repeated cold imagery externalises Scrooge’s emotional state, symbolising his absence of warmth, compassion and human empathy towards both relatives and the poor."},{"text":"His lack of financial security.","correct":false,"explanation":"Scrooge is extremely wealthy, so financial insecurity does not explain the cold imagery. It symbolises his lack of human empathy and emotional warmth."},{"text":"His lack of religious faith.","correct":false,"explanation":"Although the novella has Christian moral themes, the cold imagery does not principally identify Scrooge as faithless. It symbolises his lack of human empathy."},{"text":"His lack of physical health.","correct":false,"explanation":"The cold descriptions characterise Scrooge’s emotional nature rather than diagnosing illness. They symbolise his lack of human empathy, compassion and connection with others."}]},{"id":"0f192f8f-9488-49a3-8bf9-78936b03ddcc","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What change makes Scrooge’s journey a secular conversion narrative?","back":"From isolated individualism to socially responsible collectivism.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"From isolated individualism to socially responsible collectivism.","correct":true,"explanation":"Scrooge’s transformation is expressed through changed social behaviour: he abandons selfish isolation and accepts responsibility for family, community and the welfare of others."},{"text":"From socially responsible collectivism to isolated individualism.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses Scrooge’s development. He begins as a selfish, isolated individualist and ends by embracing socially responsible collectivism through generosity and communal participation."},{"text":"From religious disbelief to Christian evangelism.","correct":false,"explanation":"This treats the conversion as explicitly doctrinal, although Scrooge does not become an evangelist. His secular transformation is from isolated individualism to socially responsible collectivism."},{"text":"From economic poverty to personal wealth.","correct":false,"explanation":"Scrooge is already wealthy at the novella’s beginning, so his journey is not economic. He changes from isolated individualism to socially responsible collectivism."}]},{"id":"c3f76d3f-2080-44fa-9103-f160857701e7","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Which social theory does Scrooge echo with “decrease the surplus population”?","back":"Malthusian views associated with Thomas Malthus.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Malthusian views associated with Thomas Malthus.","correct":true,"explanation":"Malthus argued that unchecked population growth would outstrip resources. Scrooge echoes this harsh thinking by treating the deaths of poor people as a solution to overpopulation."},{"text":"Utilitarian views associated with Jeremy Bentham.","correct":false,"explanation":"Utilitarianism seeks the greatest happiness for the greatest number, rather than population reduction. Scrooge’s phrase specifically echoes Thomas Malthus’s theories about population exceeding available resources."},{"text":"Social Darwinist views associated with Herbert Spencer.","correct":false,"explanation":"Social Darwinism applied ideas about natural selection to society and became influential later. Scrooge’s reference to a “surplus population” directly reflects Thomas Malthus’s population theory."},{"text":"Communist views associated with Karl Marx.","correct":false,"explanation":"Communism criticises class inequality and private ownership, so it does not fit Scrooge’s dismissal of the poor. His words echo Malthusian fears about population growth and limited resources."}]},{"id":"28385acb-69a8-4cc6-91c9-69a427d47a66","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What does the “oyster” simile foreshadow about Scrooge?","back":"His latent humanity, like a pearl inside a shell.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"His latent humanity, like a pearl inside a shell.","correct":true,"explanation":"An oyster’s hard exterior can conceal a valuable pearl, foreshadowing that Scrooge’s cold, defensive personality hides humanity that can be recovered through his transformation."},{"text":"His growing wealth, like a pearl inside a shell.","correct":false,"explanation":"The pearl does not primarily symbolise Scrooge’s money; his wealth is already obvious. It foreshadows his latent humanity, concealed beneath a hard and unwelcoming exterior."},{"text":"His physical weakness, like a creature inside a shell.","correct":false,"explanation":"The protective shell may suggest emotional defensiveness, not bodily frailty. The simile foreshadows Scrooge’s latent humanity, imagined as something valuable hidden within his hardened exterior."},{"text":"His permanent isolation, like a prisoner inside a cell.","correct":false,"explanation":"Although the closed shell reflects Scrooge’s isolation, “permanent” ignores his eventual transformation. The oyster also implies latent humanity, like a pearl waiting to be revealed."}]},{"id":"97b86dc7-b34f-484d-804d-e837000e6857","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"A foil is a character who [ ] with another to highlight their qualities.","back":"A foil is a character who contrasts sharply with another to highlight their qualities.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"contrasts sharply","correct":true,"explanation":"A foil differs markedly from another character, making particular traits more noticeable. Fred’s warmth, for example, highlights Scrooge’s coldness through sharp contrast."},{"text":"agrees completely","correct":false,"explanation":"Complete agreement would reinforce shared qualities rather than expose differences. A foil contrasts sharply with another character so that the other character’s defining traits become clearer."},{"text":"behaves identically","correct":false,"explanation":"Identical behaviour creates a parallel or similarity, not a foil. A foil contrasts sharply with another character to highlight their distinctive attitudes, values or behaviour."},{"text":"merges gradually","correct":false,"explanation":"A foil does not gradually become indistinguishable from another character. The character contrasts sharply with someone else, allowing the audience to recognise important qualities more clearly."}]},{"id":"e1993383-e188-4a38-8cf4-e882b50fd4a6","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How does Fred contrast with Scrooge in Stave 1?","back":"Fred’s warm glow contrasts with Scrooge’s low temperature.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Fred’s warm glow contrasts with Scrooge’s low temperature.","correct":true,"explanation":"Dickens associates Fred with warmth and brightness, while Scrooge is repeatedly described through cold imagery. This contrast presents Fred as sociable and loving and Scrooge as emotionally isolated."},{"text":"Fred’s low temperature contrasts with Scrooge’s warm glow.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses Dickens’s characterisation: Fred is cheerful and warmly described, while Scrooge carries coldness within him. Fred’s warm glow therefore contrasts with Scrooge’s low temperature."},{"text":"Fred’s financial wealth contrasts with Scrooge’s extreme poverty.","correct":false,"explanation":"Scrooge is wealthy, while Fred’s defining contrast is emotional rather than financial. Fred’s warm glow opposes Scrooge’s low temperature, revealing their different attitudes towards human connection."},{"text":"Fred’s solemn silence contrasts with Scrooge’s cheerful laughter.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses their behaviour: Fred speaks cheerfully and laughs, whereas Scrooge is hostile and withdrawn. Dickens instead contrasts Fred’s warm glow with Scrooge’s low temperature."}]},{"id":"30e12b79-3bc3-4f1c-b42a-dafebf4f9ff1","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does Tiny Tim represent in Victorian society?","back":"The most vulnerable: innocent, devout and helpless.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The most vulnerable: innocent, devout and helpless.","correct":true,"explanation":"Tiny Tim embodies vulnerable people endangered by poverty and inadequate support. His innocence, religious faith and dependence encourage readers to feel compassion and recognise society’s responsibility towards them."},{"text":"The wealthiest employers: powerful, selfish and secure.","correct":false,"explanation":"Tiny Tim lacks wealth, authority and security, so he cannot represent prosperous employers. He represents society’s most vulnerable people through his innocence, devotion, disability and helplessness."},{"text":"The criminal poor: dishonest, violent and dangerous.","correct":false,"explanation":"Victorian prejudice sometimes portrayed poor people as threatening, but Tiny Tim challenges that stereotype. His innocence, devotion and helplessness make him represent the most vulnerable members of society."},{"text":"The rising middle class: ambitious, independent and comfortable.","correct":false,"explanation":"Tiny Tim is dependent and endangered by his family’s poverty, not comfortable or socially mobile. He represents the most vulnerable, whose innocence and helplessness demand compassion."}]},{"id":"86ede0f2-0f40-4c05-9d34-d4a874e0b26e","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How does Tiny Tim act as a catalyst for Scrooge?","back":"He reveals the human cost of Scrooge’s greed.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"He reveals the human cost of Scrooge’s greed.","correct":true,"explanation":"Tiny Tim makes poverty personal for Scrooge. The possibility of the child’s death reveals that selfish economic attitudes harm real people, helping to motivate Scrooge’s moral transformation."},{"text":"He confirms the economic wisdom of Scrooge’s greed.","correct":false,"explanation":"Tiny Tim disproves rather than validates Scrooge’s harsh economic thinking. His suffering reveals the human cost of greed and helps move Scrooge towards generosity and responsibility."},{"text":"He demonstrates the social benefits of Scrooge’s greed.","correct":false,"explanation":"The Cratchits’ hardship shows that Scrooge’s greed damages society rather than benefiting it. Tiny Tim reveals its human cost by making the consequences of poverty emotionally immediate."},{"text":"He conceals the harmful effects of Scrooge’s greed.","correct":false,"explanation":"Tiny Tim exposes rather than hides the consequences of selfishness. His vulnerability and possible death reveal the human cost of Scrooge’s greed, prompting sympathy and change."}]},{"id":"41ac2d83-f708-4174-bc73-70110741c2f8","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does Fezziwig’s Christmas party prove about authority?","back":"Power over others can be used for kindness.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Power over others can be used for kindness.","correct":true,"explanation":"Fezziwig uses his authority and money to create joy for his employees. Dickens shows that employers can exercise power generously rather than exploiting those who depend on them."},{"text":"Power over others can be used for intimidation.","correct":false,"explanation":"Scrooge often uses authority coldly, but Fezziwig offers the opposite model. His party proves that power over employees can be used to provide kindness, dignity and happiness."},{"text":"Power over others can be used for self-enrichment.","correct":false,"explanation":"Fezziwig spends money for his workers’ enjoyment rather than increasing his own profit. His celebration demonstrates that authority can be exercised through kindness and generosity."},{"text":"Power over others can be used for strict discipline.","correct":false,"explanation":"The party temporarily replaces work and discipline with shared celebration. Fezziwig demonstrates that an employer’s power can be used kindly to improve workers’ happiness and wellbeing."}]},{"id":"785525f1-202c-46dd-a4b6-cfecdb6cf171","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does Marley’s chain physically manifest?","back":"His greed.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"His greed.","correct":true,"explanation":"Marley forged the chain through a lifetime devoted to business and selfish accumulation. Its cashboxes, keys and ledgers physically represent the greed that now imprisons him."},{"text":"His poverty.","correct":false,"explanation":"Marley was a wealthy businessman, so the chain cannot symbolise poverty. Its commercial objects manifest the greed and selfish materialism that he practised throughout his life."},{"text":"His generosity.","correct":false,"explanation":"The chain represents the opposite of generosity: Marley neglected human welfare while pursuing profit. Its money-related objects physically manifest the greed that created his spiritual punishment."},{"text":"His innocence.","correct":false,"explanation":"Marley accepts responsibility for forging the chain himself, so it does not represent innocence. It physically manifests his greed and the selfish choices made during his life."}]},{"id":"fcb98127-963e-4dc1-8047-332436d4da30","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What concept does Marley introduce with “Mankind was my business”?","back":"Christian social responsibility.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Christian social responsibility.","correct":true,"explanation":"Marley realises that his duty was to care for all humanity, reflecting the Christian belief that people are morally responsible for supporting others in society."},{"text":"Christian personal salvation.","correct":false,"explanation":"Personal salvation focuses on saving one’s own soul, whereas Marley’s reference to “Mankind” introduces Christian social responsibility: the duty to care actively for other people."},{"text":"Christian divine punishment.","correct":false,"explanation":"Marley experiences divine punishment, but the quotation specifically identifies his neglected duty. His true “business” was Christian social responsibility towards the whole of humanity."},{"text":"Christian economic self-interest.","correct":false,"explanation":"Economic self-interest describes Marley’s mistaken priorities in life. The quotation rejects that outlook and introduces Christian social responsibility as humanity’s proper moral duty."}]},{"id":"9d3620bf-eb01-4ce2-aa89-39a579bfa04d","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does the Ghost of Christmas Past’s old-man-and-child form represent?","back":"The elusive nature of memory.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The elusive nature of memory.","correct":true,"explanation":"The spirit’s simultaneous resemblance to an old man and a child reflects how memory shifts between different ages and remains difficult to grasp clearly."},{"text":"The certainty of divine judgement.","correct":false,"explanation":"Divine judgement is more closely associated with Marley’s punishment and Scrooge’s possible fate. The old-man-and-child form instead symbolises the elusive, shifting nature of memory."},{"text":"The permanence of adult identity.","correct":false,"explanation":"The combination of old age and childhood challenges the idea that identity remains fixed. It represents the elusive nature of memory as different stages of life overlap."},{"text":"The predictability of the future.","correct":false,"explanation":"The spirit reveals Scrooge’s past rather than making the future predictable. Its contradictory appearance represents the elusive nature of memory and its movement across time."}]},{"id":"4b69809a-418f-4d30-8aab-9b8dbe042aa6","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How does the Ghost of Christmas Past reawaken Scrooge’s empathy?","back":"By reminding him of past pain and joy.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"By reminding him of past pain and joy.","correct":true,"explanation":"Revisiting both loneliness and happiness reconnects Scrooge with emotions he has suppressed, helping him recognise and sympathise with suffering in himself and others."},{"text":"By showing him scenes of future punishment and death.","correct":false,"explanation":"Scenes of future punishment and death belong to the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come. The Past restores empathy by reminding Scrooge of earlier pain and joy."},{"text":"By threatening him with eternal suffering and judgement.","correct":false,"explanation":"The Ghost of Christmas Past does not threaten Scrooge with supernatural punishment. It reawakens his empathy through personal memories of pain and joy that restore emotional understanding."},{"text":"By praising him for gaining wealth and status.","correct":false,"explanation":"Scrooge’s pursuit of wealth caused his emotional isolation and is not praised by the spirit. Memories of past pain and joy instead renew his capacity for empathy."}]},{"id":"ea2cd0f2-0a7e-4567-b26a-80db8e66891b","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Ignorance represents lack of [ ]; Want represents [ ].","back":"Ignorance represents lack of education; Want represents starvation and poverty.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Ignorance represents lack of education; Want represents starvation and poverty.","correct":true,"explanation":"Dickens personifies society’s neglected children: Ignorance embodies deprivation of education, while Want embodies the starvation and poverty created by severe material deprivation."},{"text":"Ignorance represents lack of education; Want represents ambition and greed.","correct":false,"explanation":"Ignorance does represent lack of education, but Want is not personal ambition or greed. Want represents starvation and poverty among society’s neglected poor."},{"text":"Ignorance represents lack of religious faith; Want represents starvation and poverty.","correct":false,"explanation":"Want correctly represents starvation and poverty, but Ignorance refers specifically to lack of education, which Dickens presents as a threat to society’s future."},{"text":"Ignorance represents lack of social discipline; Want represents envy and selfishness.","correct":false,"explanation":"The children are not symbols of poor discipline or individual moral failings. Ignorance represents lack of education, while Want represents starvation and poverty."}]},{"id":"3e110619-710d-47e3-af41-abbb4979923d","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why is Ignorance presented as especially dangerous?","back":"Neglecting children’s education and welfare dooms society.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Neglecting children’s education and welfare dooms society.","correct":true,"explanation":"Children shape society’s future, so denying them education and care allows deprivation, desperation and destructive behaviour to continue across later generations."},{"text":"Ignoring children’s obedience and discipline weakens authority.","correct":false,"explanation":"Dickens is not primarily warning that children must become more obedient. Ignorance is dangerous because neglecting children’s education and welfare dooms society’s future."},{"text":"Allowing workers’ poverty and hunger reduces profits.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reduces the warning to an economic concern and shifts attention from children. Dickens argues that neglecting children’s education and welfare ultimately dooms society."},{"text":"Rejecting society’s charity and religion invites punishment.","correct":false,"explanation":"Although the novella promotes charity and Christian values, Ignorance specifically warns about neglected children. Failing to provide their education and welfare endangers society’s future."}]},{"id":"a663c5de-8968-4e43-945b-41378a0774cb","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What does the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come’s silence force Scrooge to do?","back":"Actively interpret his own fate.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Actively interpret his own fate.","correct":true,"explanation":"Because the spirit offers no spoken explanation, Scrooge must question the visions, recognise their meaning and decide how his behaviour could produce the future shown."},{"text":"Passively accept a fixed destiny.","correct":false,"explanation":"Scrooge eventually asks whether the future can be changed, so he does not simply accept destiny. The silence forces him actively to interpret his own fate."},{"text":"Await an explicit moral judgement.","correct":false,"explanation":"The spirit never provides an explicit spoken judgement. Its silence instead makes Scrooge interpret the visions himself and understand the likely consequences of his choices."},{"text":"Blame others for his future.","correct":false,"explanation":"The visions lead Scrooge to recognise his own responsibility rather than blame others. The spirit’s silence forces him actively to interpret his fate and choices."}]}]}],"examCountdown":{"examDate":"2027-05-12","paperLabel":"Paper 1"},"heading":"Characters","title":"Characters Flashcards","topbar":{"backHref":"/gcse/english-literature/aqa/flashcards"},"topicSidebar":"$L38"}]}],"topicId":"93304162-1ca3-52c6-ba02-167b2463a490","walled":"$L39"}],"$L3a","$L3b"]