Non-fiction and literary non-fiction reading tasks ask you to understand a source and support your response with relevant details. The skill is not naming a text type or memorising a label; it is making accurate choices that answer the exact question. Read for the writer's viewpoint, purpose and intended audience. Ask whether the writer is informing, explaining, persuading, advising, entertaining or reflecting.
A strong response connects evidence to meaning, purpose or audience. In non-fiction, identify the main argument or ideas and use factual evidence such as statistics, examples and expert opinions to show how the writer supports them. In literary non-fiction, also consider the viewpoint and voice of the person writing: descriptive details, personal memories and sensory imagery can reveal attitudes and shape the reader's response. For example, a campaign article might use statistics about plastic waste to persuade its audience to change behaviour, while a travel memoir might use detailed description and first-person reflection to convey the writer's experience of a place.
Source example: In Florence Nightingale's non-fiction book Notes on Nursing (1860), she argues that fresh air, cleanliness and careful observation are important for patients. Her viewpoint is that good nursing depends on practical attention to the patient's environment, not only on medical treatment. Her purpose is to explain and advise, and her intended audience includes nurses and people responsible for caring for the sick. The factual details about ventilation, cleanliness and patients' conditions support her argument. Practise identifying the viewpoint, purpose and audience in this example, then explain how one factual detail supports the writer's ideas.
Literary non-fiction example: In George Orwell's essay Shooting an Elephant, the writer describes his experience as a colonial police officer in Burma and reflects on the pressure created by the expectations of the crowd. His first-person viewpoint reveals his uncertainty and criticism of imperial power. The purpose is to recount an experience and make readers reflect on the effects of colonialism, while the audience is a general readership interested in society, politics and personal experience. Practise selecting a descriptive detail or reflection from this account and explaining what it reveals about Orwell's viewpoint and purpose.