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23:[["$","$L32",null,{"feature":"flashcards"}],"$L33",["$","$L34",null,{"href":"/gcse/economics/ocr/price-stability/flashcards","label":"3.4 Price stability","subjectCode":"gcse_economics__ocr","surface":"flashcards"}],["$","$L35",null,{"runner":["$","div",null,{"className":"min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-hidden bg-background","children":["$","$L36",null,{"decks":[{"id":"5b0b4fbd-e3ee-4cb9-84b1-c409339df34f","title":"Price stability Flashcards","topicId":"893d9843-ca87-554c-b1b3-b970ea628c6b","topicSlug":"price-stability","cards":[{"id":"9f9971dc-cd5d-4fc0-88bc-6654135d1a47","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Price stability means the general price level rises [ ].","back":"Price stability means the general price level rises slowly and predictably.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"slowly and predictably","correct":true,"explanation":"Price stability involves a low, stable rate of inflation, so the overall price level increases gradually and in a way households and firms can anticipate."},{"text":"rapidly and unpredictably","correct":false,"explanation":"Rapid, unpredictable increases indicate high and volatile inflation, not price stability. Under price stability, the general price level rises slowly and predictably."},{"text":"slowly but unpredictably","correct":false,"explanation":"A slow but unpredictable increase still creates uncertainty for households and firms. Price stability requires the general price level to rise both slowly and predictably."},{"text":"not at all","correct":false,"explanation":"Price stability does not normally mean zero inflation or completely unchanged prices. It means the general price level rises slowly and predictably."}]},{"id":"3f4acaf1-86cd-4bdd-b8ab-3fd0de0d9a26","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Inflation is a sustained rise in the [ ] over time.","back":"Inflation is a sustained rise in the general price level over time.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"general price level","correct":true,"explanation":"Inflation describes a continuing increase in average prices across the economy, represented by a sustained rise in the general price level."},{"text":"average wage level","correct":false,"explanation":"Rising wages may contribute to inflation, but they do not define it. Inflation is a sustained rise in the general price level over time."},{"text":"total output level","correct":false,"explanation":"An increase in output is economic growth rather than inflation. Inflation specifically means a sustained rise in the general price level over time."},{"text":"official interest rate","correct":false,"explanation":"Interest rates may be changed to control inflation, but a rise in them is not inflation. Inflation is a sustained rise in the general price level."}]},{"id":"5b6d152d-8d24-4207-ae0b-6f00d1c1caa4","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Does price stability mean every price stays the same?","back":"No - average prices rise slowly and predictably.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"No - average prices rise slowly and predictably.","correct":true,"explanation":"Price stability allows individual prices to rise or fall. It means that average prices across the economy increase only slowly and predictably."},{"text":"Yes - all individual prices remain unchanged.","correct":false,"explanation":"Price stability does not require every product’s price to be frozen. Individual prices can change while average prices rise slowly and predictably."},{"text":"No - average prices fall slowly and predictably.","correct":false,"explanation":"A sustained fall in average prices is deflation, not the usual meaning of price stability. Under price stability, average prices rise slowly and predictably."},{"text":"No - average prices rise rapidly and unpredictably.","correct":false,"explanation":"Rapid increases in average prices represent high inflation rather than price stability. Price stability means average prices rise slowly and predictably."}]},{"id":"d58fc896-a597-448f-b92b-9e411749513f","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What UK inflation target is price stability usually linked to?","back":"2% CPI inflation.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"2% CPI inflation.","correct":true,"explanation":"The UK government sets the Bank of England a target of 2% annual inflation, measured using the Consumer Prices Index."},{"text":"0% CPI inflation.","correct":false,"explanation":"Price stability does not mean eliminating all inflation. The UK target allows a small, predictable increase in prices: 2% CPI inflation."},{"text":"2% RPI inflation.","correct":false,"explanation":"The 2% figure is correct, but the official target uses CPI rather than RPI. The UK price-stability target is 2% CPI inflation."},{"text":"4% CPI inflation.","correct":false,"explanation":"This confuses the target with a higher inflation rate that would be above target. UK price stability is usually linked to 2% CPI inflation."}]},{"id":"211d0060-1777-4f56-b8cc-d83ac9325dcb","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Money values with no inflation adjustment are [ ]; inflation-adjusted values showing purchasing power are [ ].","back":"Money values with no inflation adjustment are nominal; inflation-adjusted values showing purchasing power are real.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Money values with no inflation adjustment are nominal; inflation-adjusted values showing purchasing power are real.","correct":true,"explanation":"Nominal values are recorded in current money terms without removing inflation. Real values adjust for inflation, showing changes in actual purchasing power."},{"text":"Money values with no inflation adjustment are real; inflation-adjusted values showing purchasing power are nominal.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the two definitions. Values before adjustment are nominal, while values adjusted for inflation to show purchasing power are real."},{"text":"Money values with no inflation adjustment are nominal; inflation-adjusted values showing purchasing power are nominal.","correct":false,"explanation":"The first term is correct, but inflation-adjusted values are real rather than nominal. Real values reveal how purchasing power has changed."},{"text":"Money values with no inflation adjustment are cash; inflation-adjusted values showing purchasing power are real.","correct":false,"explanation":"Cash is not the economic term for an unadjusted money value. Such values are nominal, while inflation-adjusted purchasing-power values are real."}]},{"id":"04b506cc-3c84-4f77-8b3b-27445bfbca6c","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"If pay rises by 4% but prices rise by 10%, what happens to real pay?","back":"Real pay falls.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Real pay falls.","correct":true,"explanation":"Prices increase faster than nominal pay, so the wage buys fewer goods and services. The worker’s real pay therefore falls."},{"text":"Real pay rises.","correct":false,"explanation":"This focuses only on the 4% nominal pay rise and ignores 10% inflation. Because prices rise faster than pay, real pay falls."},{"text":"Real pay stays the same.","correct":false,"explanation":"Real pay would stay constant only if pay and prices rose at the same rate. Since prices rise faster, real pay falls."},{"text":"Real pay rises by 6%.","correct":false,"explanation":"Subtracting 4% from 10% gives a gap of 6 percentage points, but its direction is negative for purchasing power. Real pay falls rather than rises."}]},{"id":"fd619de4-8c0d-4219-bc39-3c3292cfb724","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"If inflation falls from 10% to 4%, what is happening to prices?","back":"Prices are still rising more slowly.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Prices are still rising more slowly.","correct":true,"explanation":"Inflation remains positive at 4%, so the general price level is still increasing. The fall in inflation means prices are rising at a slower rate."},{"text":"Prices are still falling more slowly.","correct":false,"explanation":"This confuses lower inflation with deflation. Inflation of 4% is still positive, so prices are rising more slowly rather than falling."},{"text":"Prices are still rising more quickly.","correct":false,"explanation":"A fall in inflation from 10% to 4% means the rate of price increase has decreased. Prices are therefore rising more slowly, not more quickly."},{"text":"Prices are still staying unchanged.","correct":false,"explanation":"Prices would stay unchanged only with a 0% inflation rate. At 4% inflation, they are still rising, although more slowly than before."}]},{"id":"5503acd1-0b89-4b6f-a879-852646fb51ab","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Which UK body measures inflation using CPI?","back":"The Office for National Statistics (ONS).","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The Office for National Statistics (ONS).","correct":true,"explanation":"The ONS collects price data and calculates the Consumer Prices Index, producing the UK’s official measure of CPI inflation."},{"text":"The Bank of England (BoE).","correct":false,"explanation":"The Bank of England uses interest rates to help meet the inflation target, but the Office for National Statistics measures CPI inflation."},{"text":"The HM Treasury (HMT).","correct":false,"explanation":"HM Treasury sets aspects of economic policy and the inflation-target framework, but CPI is measured by the Office for National Statistics."},{"text":"The Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR).","correct":false,"explanation":"The OBR produces independent economic and fiscal forecasts, but it does not compile CPI. The Office for National Statistics measures UK inflation."}]},{"id":"89b6201a-f7d7-48ea-8e60-4e41399fe6d3","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"The CPI measures average price changes in a representative [ ].","back":"The CPI measures average price changes in a representative basket of consumer goods and services.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"basket of consumer goods and services","correct":true,"explanation":"The CPI tracks price changes across a representative basket of goods and services typically purchased by consumers, allowing changes in the general cost of living to be estimated."},{"text":"collection of business inputs and raw materials","correct":false,"explanation":"Business inputs are used to measure firms’ production costs rather than consumer prices. The CPI uses a representative basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households."},{"text":"basket of exported goods and services","correct":false,"explanation":"Exports are purchased by overseas consumers and do not represent typical UK household spending. The CPI measures a representative basket of consumer goods and services."},{"text":"portfolio of financial assets and investments","correct":false,"explanation":"Financial assets measure forms of saving and investment, not everyday consumer spending. The CPI follows a representative basket of consumer goods and services."}]},{"id":"993ede53-2916-4427-b18f-fead9faa445f","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Why are CPI basket categories given weights?","back":"Weights show each category’s importance in household spending.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Weights show each category’s importance in household spending.","correct":true,"explanation":"Households spend different proportions of their income on different categories. Weighting gives categories on which households spend more a greater influence over the CPI."},{"text":"Weights show each category’s frequency of price changes.","correct":false,"explanation":"Weights do not measure how often prices are updated. They show each category’s importance in household spending, giving heavily purchased categories greater influence over the CPI."},{"text":"Weights show each category’s importance in business costs.","correct":false,"explanation":"The CPI measures consumer prices rather than businesses’ production expenses. Its weights reflect each category’s importance in household spending, not its contribution to firms’ costs."},{"text":"Weights show each category’s contribution to national output.","correct":false,"explanation":"National output is measured using indicators such as GDP, not CPI weights. CPI weights show each category’s importance in household spending."}]},{"id":"76e8a09e-038a-4cb6-a7c8-85cf8a528cde","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"How do you calculate inflation from old and new CPI?","back":"Change ÷ old CPI × 100: $\\frac{\\text{new CPI}-\\text{old CPI}}{\\text{old CPI}}\\times100$.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Change ÷ old CPI × 100: $\\frac{\\text{new CPI}-\\text{old CPI}}{\\text{old CPI}}\\times100$.","correct":true,"explanation":"Inflation is the percentage change in the CPI. Subtracting the old index from the new index, dividing by the old index and multiplying by 100 gives that percentage."},{"text":"Change ÷ new CPI × 100: $\\frac{\\text{new CPI}-\\text{old CPI}}{\\text{new CPI}}\\times100$.","correct":false,"explanation":"Dividing by the new CPI uses the wrong reference value and slightly understates an increase. Inflation is calculated by dividing the CPI change by the old CPI and multiplying by 100."},{"text":"New CPI ÷ old CPI × 100: $\\frac{\\text{new CPI}}{\\text{old CPI}}\\times100$.","correct":false,"explanation":"Dividing the new CPI directly by the old CPI gives the new index as a percentage of the old one, not the percentage increase. The CPI change must be the numerator."},{"text":"Old CPI − new CPI ÷ old CPI × 100: $\\frac{\\text{old CPI}-\\text{new CPI}}{\\text{old CPI}}\\times100$.","correct":false,"explanation":"Reversing the subtraction gives a negative result when prices have risen, incorrectly suggesting deflation. Subtract the old CPI from the new CPI before dividing by the old CPI."}]},{"id":"a50215b1-3781-4848-b1ae-6480ec5f2fa0","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"CPI rises from 120 to 126. What is the inflation rate?","back":"5%.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"5%.","correct":true,"explanation":"The CPI increases by 6 index points. Dividing this change by the original CPI gives $6\\div120=0.05$, which becomes 5% when multiplied by 100."},{"text":"6%.","correct":false,"explanation":"This treats the 6-point increase as though it were automatically a 6% increase. Dividing by the original CPI gives $6\\div120\\times100=5\\%$."},{"text":"4.8%.","correct":false,"explanation":"This results from dividing the increase by the new CPI: $6\\div126\\times100\\approx4.8\\%$. Inflation uses the old CPI as the denominator, giving 5%."},{"text":"105%.","correct":false,"explanation":"This is the new CPI expressed as a percentage of the old CPI: $126\\div120\\times100=105\\%$. The inflation rate is only the percentage increase, which is 5%."}]},{"id":"eb0b09f0-97a4-4556-9be7-5d3a533db549","cardType":"basic","points":3,"front":"A £60 shop rises by 8%, then by 5% the next year. What is the new price?","back":"£68.04.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"£68.04.","correct":true,"explanation":"Apply each increase successively: $£60\\times1.08=£64.80$, then $£64.80\\times1.05=£68.04$. The second increase includes compounding because it applies to the updated price."},{"text":"£67.80.","correct":false,"explanation":"This adds 8% and 5% and applies the resulting 13% once. Successive increases compound, so $£60\\times1.08\\times1.05=£68.04$."},{"text":"£64.80.","correct":false,"explanation":"This applies only the first year’s 8% increase and omits the second year. Applying both multipliers gives $£60\\times1.08\\times1.05=£68.04$."},{"text":"£63.00.","correct":false,"explanation":"This applies only the second year’s 5% increase and ignores the first year. Both annual increases must be applied, producing a final price of £68.04."}]},{"id":"b2683dc2-9946-4aa7-97ad-6d4c87b16a5a","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"If inflation is 11.1% and the target is 2%, how far above target is it?","back":"9.1 percentage points.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"9.1 percentage points.","correct":true,"explanation":"The gap between two percentage rates is measured in percentage points. Subtracting the 2% target from 11.1% gives a gap of 9.1 percentage points."},{"text":"9.1%.","correct":false,"explanation":"Although the numerical subtraction is 9.1, a difference between two percentage rates is expressed in percentage points, not percent. The gap is 9.1 percentage points."},{"text":"13.1 percentage points.","correct":false,"explanation":"This adds the target to the inflation rate instead of finding how far inflation exceeds it. The correct calculation is $11.1-2=9.1$ percentage points."},{"text":"5.55 percentage points.","correct":false,"explanation":"This halves the inflation rate rather than subtracting the target. The amount above target is found using $11.1-2$, giving 9.1 percentage points."}]},{"id":"47f618d6-74a3-4bf8-9da1-40eba90f864e","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How does demand-pull inflation raise prices?","back":"Spending exceeds output capacity, so firms raise prices.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Spending exceeds output capacity, so firms raise prices.","correct":true,"explanation":"Demand-pull inflation occurs when aggregate demand grows beyond the economy’s ability to produce. Excess demand allows and encourages firms to increase their prices."},{"text":"Spending exceeds output capacity, so firms cut prices.","correct":false,"explanation":"Falling prices would be more likely when demand is weak or supply is excessive. When spending exceeds output capacity, excess demand enables firms to raise prices."},{"text":"Spending exceeds output capacity, so firms cut wages.","correct":false,"explanation":"Cutting wages is not the mechanism behind demand-pull inflation. Excess spending relative to output capacity creates upward pressure, leading firms to raise prices."},{"text":"Spending falls below output capacity, so firms raise prices.","correct":false,"explanation":"When spending is below output capacity, firms usually face weak demand and little upward price pressure. Demand-pull inflation occurs when spending exceeds capacity, causing firms to raise prices."}]},{"id":"5feb2a72-16b4-498c-a142-32f127553ee1","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How does cost-push inflation raise prices?","back":"Higher costs make firms raise prices to protect profit margins.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Higher costs make firms raise prices to protect profit margins.","correct":true,"explanation":"Rising input costs reduce the profit earned on each sale if prices remain unchanged. Firms may therefore pass higher costs to consumers by raising prices."},{"text":"Higher costs make firms raise prices to protect sales volumes.","correct":false,"explanation":"Sales volumes depend primarily on demand rather than being directly protected by higher prices. Firms pass on higher costs mainly to protect their profit margins."},{"text":"Lower costs make firms raise prices to protect profit margins.","correct":false,"explanation":"Lower costs ease rather than create cost-push inflation because firms can maintain margins without increasing prices. It is higher costs that encourage price rises to protect profit margins."},{"text":"Higher costs make firms lower prices to protect profit margins.","correct":false,"explanation":"Lowering prices while costs rise would squeeze profit margins further. Cost-push inflation occurs when firms raise their prices to protect margins from higher production costs."}]},{"id":"66e1c7a2-4048-4577-80bf-b28499547914","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How can a weaker pound cause imported inflation?","back":"Imports cost more in pounds.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Imports cost more in pounds.","correct":true,"explanation":"A weaker pound buys less foreign currency, so the same foreign-priced goods require more pounds to purchase. These higher import costs can feed into prices across the UK economy."},{"text":"Imports cost less in pounds.","correct":false,"explanation":"Confusing a currency’s external value with domestic purchasing power reverses the effect. A weaker pound makes imports cost more in pounds because each pound buys less foreign currency."},{"text":"Imports cost the same in pounds.","correct":false,"explanation":"Import prices do not automatically stay constant when the exchange rate changes. A weaker pound means UK buyers must pay more pounds for the same foreign-priced imports."},{"text":"Imports cost more in foreign currency.","correct":false,"explanation":"A weaker pound does not necessarily make foreign suppliers increase their own prices. Imported inflation arises because imports cost more in pounds after currency conversion."}]},{"id":"24614178-de91-4885-b905-b37345593bbb","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"A wage-price spiral is when wages and prices keep [ ].","back":"A wage-price spiral is when wages and prices keep pushing each other upwards.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"pushing each other upwards","correct":true,"explanation":"Higher wages can raise firms’ costs and prices, while rising prices encourage workers to seek further wage increases. This mutual reinforcement pushes both wages and prices upwards."},{"text":"pushing each other downwards","correct":false,"explanation":"A wage-price spiral is an upward process, not a downward one. Wage increases raise costs and prices, and higher prices then encourage demands for further wage increases."},{"text":"moving independently of each other","correct":false,"explanation":"The defining feature is mutual reinforcement rather than independent movement. Rising wages contribute to higher prices, which then prompt workers to demand still higher wages."},{"text":"remaining fixed over time","correct":false,"explanation":"A spiral involves repeated increases, not stability. Wages raise production costs and prices, while higher living costs encourage further wage demands, pushing each other upwards."}]},{"id":"a45148ff-9984-449f-a926-efff06e4bd2c","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"If wages or benefits rise more slowly than prices, what happens to consumers?","back":"Real incomes fall.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Real incomes fall.","correct":true,"explanation":"When prices rise faster than wages or benefits, each pound of income buys fewer goods and services. Consumers therefore experience a fall in real income and purchasing power."},{"text":"Real incomes rise.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the effect of inflation on purchasing power. If wages or benefits lag behind prices, consumers can afford fewer goods and services, so real incomes fall."},{"text":"Real incomes stay unchanged.","correct":false,"explanation":"Real income remains unchanged only when income rises at the same rate as prices. If wages or benefits rise more slowly, consumers’ real incomes fall."},{"text":"Nominal incomes must fall.","correct":false,"explanation":"Slower income growth does not mean nominal income must decrease; it may still rise. The certain effect is that real income falls because prices increase faster."}]},{"id":"2b38a5bd-3b62-4a6a-a5a2-7cb53d424940","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What happens to savings if the interest rate is below inflation?","back":"Their real value falls.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Their real value falls.","correct":true,"explanation":"When interest is lower than inflation, savings grow more slowly than the general price level. Their purchasing power therefore declines, meaning their real value falls."},{"text":"Their real value rises.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the comparison between interest and inflation. Because prices rise faster than the savings balance, its purchasing power declines and its real value falls."},{"text":"Their real value stays unchanged.","correct":false,"explanation":"Real value would remain unchanged if the interest rate matched inflation. When interest is below inflation, savings lose purchasing power, so their real value falls."},{"text":"Their value rises faster than prices.","correct":false,"explanation":"This incorrectly treats any positive interest as a real gain. If inflation exceeds the interest rate, prices outpace the savings balance and its real value falls."}]},{"id":"b2f9d592-6dc7-4fb1-8250-a11fcfe4c254","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How can high UK inflation reduce producers’ competitiveness?","back":"UK prices rise faster than overseas prices.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"UK prices rise faster than overseas prices.","correct":true,"explanation":"If UK prices rise faster than overseas prices, UK-produced goods become relatively more expensive. Consumers may switch to cheaper imports, while UK exporters find it harder to compete abroad."},{"text":"UK prices rise slower than overseas prices.","correct":false,"explanation":"If UK prices rise more slowly than overseas prices, UK goods become relatively cheaper rather than less competitive. Competitiveness falls when UK prices rise faster than overseas prices."},{"text":"UK prices rise equally with overseas prices.","correct":false,"explanation":"Equal price growth leaves relative prices broadly unchanged, so it does not by itself reduce UK competitiveness. The disadvantage occurs when UK prices rise faster than overseas prices."},{"text":"UK prices fall faster than overseas prices.","correct":false,"explanation":"Faster falls in UK prices would make UK goods relatively cheaper and improve competitiveness. High inflation harms competitiveness when UK prices rise faster than overseas prices."}]},{"id":"8b56b6cd-2f9a-4311-aa66-35d28f634383","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What can higher interest rates do to new government borrowing?","back":"They increase the cost of new borrowing.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"They increase the cost of new borrowing.","correct":true,"explanation":"Higher interest rates mean the government generally has to offer higher returns to attract lenders when issuing new debt. This increases the cost of servicing new borrowing."},{"text":"They reduce the cost of new borrowing.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the effect of higher interest rates. New government debt generally needs to offer lenders a higher return, increasing rather than reducing the cost of new borrowing."},{"text":"They increase the amount of new borrowing.","correct":false,"explanation":"Higher interest rates affect the price of borrowing, not necessarily the amount borrowed. They increase the cost of new government borrowing by raising the return expected by lenders."},{"text":"They reduce the amount of new borrowing.","correct":false,"explanation":"Higher rates do not directly reduce the principal sum the government raises. Their immediate effect is to increase the interest cost attached to new government borrowing."}]},{"id":"30852ea4-3a43-415a-a88d-779e24720a36","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Interest-rate rises may reduce [ ] inflation, but cannot directly fix shortages of gas, food or imported inputs.","back":"Interest-rate rises may reduce demand-pull inflation, but cannot directly fix shortages of gas, food or imported inputs.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"demand-pull","correct":true,"explanation":"Higher interest rates discourage borrowing and spending while encouraging saving, reducing aggregate demand. They can therefore ease demand-pull inflation caused by excessive demand in the economy."},{"text":"cost-push","correct":false,"explanation":"Cost-push inflation comes from rising production costs or restricted supply, which higher interest rates cannot directly remove. Rate rises mainly reduce demand-pull inflation by weakening aggregate demand."},{"text":"imported","correct":false,"explanation":"Imported inflation results from higher foreign prices or an adverse exchange-rate movement. Interest-rate rises chiefly restrain domestic aggregate demand, so they directly target demand-pull inflation instead."},{"text":"supply-side","correct":false,"explanation":"Supply-side inflation reflects production constraints such as shortages of energy, food or inputs. Interest-rate rises do not directly increase supply; they mainly reduce demand-pull inflation."}]}]}],"examCountdown":{"examDate":"2027-05-13","paperLabel":"Paper 1"},"heading":"3.4 Price stability","title":"Price stability Flashcards","topbar":{"backHref":"/gcse/economics/ocr/flashcards"},"topicSidebar":"$L37"}]}],"topicId":"893d9843-ca87-554c-b1b3-b970ea628c6b","walled":"$L38"}],"$L39","$L3a"]

3.4 Price stability Flashcards

3.4 Price stability Flashcards