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contains 8 bits. The correct answer is bit, which stores one binary value."},{"text":"nibble.","correct":false,"explanation":"A nibble contains 4 bits, so it is larger than one individual binary digit. The smallest unit of information is a bit."},{"text":"character.","correct":false,"explanation":"A character is usually stored using several bits, such as one byte in common encodings. The smallest unit of information is a bit."}]},{"id":"c13c8df5-e623-46b3-b725-33d699047d8b","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"A bit can only have one of two values: [ ] or [ ].","back":"A bit can only have one of two values: 0 or 1.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"A bit can only have one of two values: 0 or 1.","correct":true,"explanation":"Binary uses two possible states, conventionally written as 0 and 1. A bit can store exactly one of these two values."},{"text":"A bit can only have one of two values: 1 or 2.","correct":false,"explanation":"The second value incorrectly uses 2, introducing a third binary state. The correct pair is 0 and 1 because each bit has two possible values."},{"text":"A bit can only have one of two values: 0 or 8.","correct":false,"explanation":"Eight describes the number of bits in a byte, not a possible value of one bit. The correct values for a bit are 0 and 1."},{"text":"A bit can only have one of two values: true or false.","correct":false,"explanation":"True and false describe the two logical states, but this question expects their binary representation. The correct values are written as 0 and 1."}]},{"id":"a52c3c5d-af5e-4d63-a4b3-ee76873214ef","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Lowercase [ ] means bit; uppercase [ ] means byte.","back":"Lowercase b means bit; uppercase B means byte.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"6bc37afb-daad-494a-9f4a-3869aac61a5e","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"A byte is a group of [ ].","back":"A byte is a group of 8 bits.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"8 bits","correct":true,"explanation":"A byte is defined as a group of eight bits. This fixed relationship allows storage capacities to be converted between bytes and bits."},{"text":"4 bits","correct":false,"explanation":"Four bits make a nibble, not a byte. The correct relationship is 8 bits per byte, so this value is half the required size."},{"text":"16 bits","correct":false,"explanation":"Sixteen bits equal two bytes, not one byte. The standard GCSE definition is that a byte contains 8 bits."},{"text":"2 bits","correct":false,"explanation":"Two bits can represent only a small set of binary combinations and do not form a byte. A byte contains 8 bits."}]},{"id":"8bd0400a-8269-41cd-9443-7a8d6b619011","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does mixing up b and B change an answer by a factor of 8?","back":"Because 1 B = 8 b.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Because 1 B = 8 b.","correct":true,"explanation":"Uppercase B means byte and lowercase b means bit. Since one byte contains eight bits, confusing the symbols changes the numerical answer by a factor of 8."},{"text":"Because 1 B = 4 b.","correct":false,"explanation":"Four bits make a nibble, not a byte. The correct conversion is 1 B = 8 b, so using 4 produces an answer that is half the correct value."},{"text":"Because 1 B = 2 b.","correct":false,"explanation":"A byte is not made from two bits; that would represent only a small fraction of a byte. The correct conversion is 1 B = 8 b."},{"text":"Because 1 B = 16 b.","correct":false,"explanation":"Sixteen bits equal two bytes, so this doubles the correct conversion. One byte contains 8 bits, which explains the factor of 8."}]},{"id":"7ef24b19-3e73-4841-9bbf-d1eb223a196e","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"A [ ] is [ ].","back":"A nibble is 4 bits.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"A nibble is 4 bits.","correct":true,"explanation":"A nibble is a group of four bits. It is half of a byte because a byte contains eight bits."},{"text":"A nibble is 8 bits.","correct":false,"explanation":"Eight bits make a byte, not a nibble. The correct definition is a nibble containing 4 bits, which is half a byte."},{"text":"A byte is 4 bits.","correct":false,"explanation":"The unit has been confused with its size: four bits form a nibble. A byte is larger and contains 8 bits."},{"text":"A byte is 8 bits.","correct":false,"explanation":"This correctly describes a byte but does not answer the sentence about a nibble. The required definition is that a nibble is 4 bits."}]},{"id":"3201bdcd-047c-45db-a238-3f4a5ab21556","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"In 0100 0001, what is the space for?","back":"Readability only.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Readability only.","correct":true,"explanation":"The space separates the binary digits into groups of four so people can read them more easily. It is not stored as part of the binary value."},{"text":"To separate two bytes.","correct":false,"explanation":"The space divides the eight digits into two groups of four, not two complete bytes. It improves readability only; removing it leaves the same value."},{"text":"To show a decimal place.","correct":false,"explanation":"Binary numbers do not use this internal space as a decimal point. It is inserted purely to make the digits easier for humans to read."},{"text":"To indicate a missing bit.","correct":false,"explanation":"The space does not represent an absent or unknown bit, because all eight positions are present. It is only a visual separator for readability."}]},{"id":"0ee250ed-6d76-4dd0-8640-568fe4778670","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Convert 5 B into bits.","back":"40 b.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"40 b.","correct":true,"explanation":"Each byte contains 8 bits, so multiplying 5 B by 8 gives 40 b. The unit changes from bytes to bits during the conversion."},{"text":"5 b.","correct":false,"explanation":"This keeps the numerical value unchanged and ignores the conversion between units. Multiplying 5 bytes by 8 gives the correct result of 40 bits."},{"text":"13 b.","correct":false,"explanation":"This resembles adding or approximately dividing by the conversion factor rather than multiplying. Since 1 B equals 8 b, 5 B equals 40 b."},{"text":"80 b.","correct":false,"explanation":"This doubles the correct result, likely by treating each byte as 16 bits. A byte contains 8 bits, so 5 B converts to 40 b."}]},{"id":"78861cde-ade2-4a89-9b42-e8c0138ac4d8","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Convert 64 bits into bytes.","back":"8 B.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"8 B.","correct":true,"explanation":"There are 8 bits in one byte, so dividing 64 by 8 gives 8 bytes. The symbol B represents bytes, whereas a lowercase b represents bits."},{"text":"64 B.","correct":false,"explanation":"This treats each bit as a whole byte and skips the conversion. Since 8 bits make 1 byte, 64 bits must be divided by 8, giving 8 B."},{"text":"512 B.","correct":false,"explanation":"This multiplies by 8 rather than dividing, producing the number of bits in 64 bytes. Converting 64 bits to bytes requires division by 8, giving 8 B."},{"text":"16 B.","correct":false,"explanation":"This effectively divides by 4, confusing the number of bits in a byte. A byte contains 8 bits, so 64 divided by 8 equals 8 B."}]},{"id":"3f582fae-1d5f-435f-9ea3-eacdb7a89b3f","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"For this GCSE specification, each move to the next larger byte unit is [ ] times larger.","back":"For this GCSE specification, each move to the next larger byte unit is 1000 times larger.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"1000","correct":true,"explanation":"This GCSE specification uses decimal byte units, so each successive unit is 1000 times larger: 1000 B equals 1 kB, and 1000 kB equals 1 MB."},{"text":"1024","correct":false,"explanation":"The value 1024 comes from binary-based conversions sometimes used in computing. This GCSE specification uses decimal units, so each move to the next larger byte unit uses 1000."},{"text":"100","correct":false,"explanation":"This confuses byte-unit conversion with a power-of-ten change involving only two places. Each larger byte unit in this specification is 1000 times larger, not 100 times."},{"text":"8","correct":false,"explanation":"The number 8 is the conversion factor between bits and bytes, not between successive byte units. Moving from B to kB, for example, uses a factor of 1000."}]},{"id":"e20c97c9-46dc-479e-950d-08785658cc43","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"In AQA GCSE, should 1 kB be treated as 1024 B unless told?","back":"No - use 1000 B.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"No - use 1000 B.","correct":true,"explanation":"AQA GCSE questions use decimal byte units unless stated otherwise. Therefore, 1 kB should be treated as 1000 B rather than the binary-associated value of 1024 B."},{"text":"Yes - use 1024 B.","correct":false,"explanation":"The value 1024 is associated with binary-based units and is a common misconception here. For AQA GCSE, use the decimal conversion 1 kB equals 1000 B unless instructed otherwise."},{"text":"No - use 1000 bits.","correct":false,"explanation":"This confuses bits with bytes as well as using the wrong quantity. In AQA GCSE, 1 kB is treated as 1000 bytes, written 1000 B."},{"text":"Yes - use 1024 bits.","correct":false,"explanation":"This combines the binary-associated number 1024 with the wrong information unit. AQA GCSE instead treats 1 kB as 1000 bytes unless the question specifies another convention."}]},{"id":"52893d81-d667-46d8-93a3-82b29f1c0da6","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"How many kB are in 1 MB?","back":"1000 kB.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"1000 kB.","correct":true,"explanation":"Under the decimal convention used for these GCSE units, moving one step from MB to kB multiplies by 1000. Therefore, 1 MB contains 1000 kB."},{"text":"1024 kB.","correct":false,"explanation":"The value 1024 comes from a binary-based convention rather than the decimal convention required here. For this GCSE specification, 1 MB contains exactly 1000 kB."},{"text":"100 kB.","correct":false,"explanation":"This moves the decimal point only two places, using a factor of 100. Moving one step from MB to the smaller unit kB requires multiplying by 1000."},{"text":"0.001 kB.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the direction of the conversion and divides by 1000. Because kB is smaller than MB, 1 MB must have a larger numerical value: 1000 kB."}]},{"id":"e98b660e-a8d0-47d3-8d33-2cab1cfcc509","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"How many MB are in 1 GB?","back":"1000 MB.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"1000 MB.","correct":true,"explanation":"Each move to the next smaller byte unit multiplies the numerical value by 1000. Moving from GB to MB is one step, so 1 GB equals 1000 MB."},{"text":"1024 MB.","correct":false,"explanation":"The value 1024 belongs to a binary-based convention and is not used for this GCSE conversion. Under the required decimal convention, 1 GB equals 1000 MB."},{"text":"1000000 MB.","correct":false,"explanation":"This uses a factor of one million, which would correspond to moving two unit steps rather than one. GB to MB is one step, giving 1000 MB."},{"text":"0.001 MB.","correct":false,"explanation":"This divides by 1000 instead of multiplying, despite converting to a smaller unit. One gigabyte contains many megabytes, so the correct value is 1000 MB."}]},{"id":"50a8ee96-9265-45c9-8190-d6eb488727ea","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"How many GB are in 1 TB?","back":"1000 GB.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"1000 GB.","correct":true,"explanation":"The decimal unit sequence increases by a factor of 1000 at each step. Consequently, one terabyte contains 1000 gigabytes, so 1 TB equals 1000 GB."},{"text":"1024 GB.","correct":false,"explanation":"The value 1024 reflects a binary-based conversion that is not required by this specification. Using decimal byte units, one terabyte is equal to 1000 gigabytes."},{"text":"1000000 GB.","correct":false,"explanation":"This uses the factor for two unit steps, such as TB to MB, rather than one. Converting from TB to GB requires multiplying by 1000 only."},{"text":"0.001 GB.","correct":false,"explanation":"This divides by 1000 and makes the numerical value smaller when converting to the smaller unit GB. The correct conversion is 1 TB equals 1000 GB."}]},{"id":"2965477d-5444-4e2b-ac5f-d8771a5afa01","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Converting to a larger unit makes the number [ ]; converting to a smaller unit makes it [ ].","back":"Converting to a larger unit makes the number smaller; converting to a smaller unit makes it bigger.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Converting to a larger unit makes the number smaller; converting to a smaller unit makes it bigger.","correct":true,"explanation":"A larger unit represents more information per unit, so fewer units are needed and the number becomes smaller. A smaller unit represents less, so more units are needed."},{"text":"Converting to a larger unit makes the number bigger; converting to a smaller unit makes it smaller.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses both relationships by focusing on unit size rather than the numerical value. Larger units produce a smaller number, while smaller units produce a bigger number."},{"text":"Converting to a larger unit makes the number smaller; converting to a smaller unit makes it the same.","correct":false,"explanation":"The second value does not stay unchanged because changing units changes how many units represent the information. Converting to a smaller unit makes the numerical value bigger."},{"text":"Converting to a larger unit makes the number the same; converting to a smaller unit makes it bigger.","correct":false,"explanation":"The amount of information stays constant, but its numerical representation does not. Converting to a larger unit makes the number smaller, while converting to a smaller unit makes it bigger."}]},{"id":"81c86793-8639-423e-b6e0-55135edf6f03","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Convert 3.2 GB into MB.","back":"3200 MB.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"3200 MB.","correct":true,"explanation":"Converting from GB to the smaller unit MB multiplies the value by 1000. Therefore, 3.2 multiplied by 1000 gives 3200 MB."},{"text":"3276.8 MB.","correct":false,"explanation":"This uses 1024 MB per GB, a binary-based convention not required here. The GCSE decimal conversion multiplies 3.2 by 1000, producing 3200 MB."},{"text":"0.0032 MB.","correct":false,"explanation":"This divides by 1000 rather than multiplying, making the number smaller despite moving to a smaller unit. Multiplying 3.2 by 1000 gives 3200 MB."},{"text":"320 MB.","correct":false,"explanation":"This multiplies by only 100, moving the decimal point two places instead of three. Since 1 GB equals 1000 MB, 3.2 GB equals 3200 MB."}]},{"id":"7a311648-0229-49f2-8a3b-ef219e0ad812","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Convert 3.2 GB into kB.","back":"3,200,000 kB.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"3,200,000 kB.","correct":true,"explanation":"Using decimal storage units, 1 GB = 1000 MB and 1 MB = 1000 kB, so multiplying 3.2 by 1,000,000 gives 3,200,000 kB."},{"text":"3,200 kB.","correct":false,"explanation":"This stops after converting gigabytes to megabytes. A second multiplication by 1000 is required, so 3.2 GB equals 3,200,000 kB."},{"text":"3,276,800 kB.","correct":false,"explanation":"This uses 1024 for each conversion, confusing binary multiples with the decimal units used here. Multiplying by 1000 twice gives 3,200,000 kB."},{"text":"320,000 kB.","correct":false,"explanation":"This result is ten times too small because the overall conversion factor has been miscalculated. There are 1,000,000 kB in 1 GB, giving 3,200,000 kB."}]},{"id":"27202dda-a2de-4003-a460-df7f3a6500a8","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Before comparing storage sizes in different units, what should you do?","back":"Convert them into the same unit.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Convert them into the same unit.","correct":true,"explanation":"Values written in different units cannot be compared directly. Converting both into one common unit makes their numerical sizes directly comparable."},{"text":"Compare the numbers directly.","correct":false,"explanation":"Numerical values alone are misleading because each unit represents a different quantity. Both storage sizes must first be converted into the same unit."},{"text":"Choose the value with the larger prefix.","correct":false,"explanation":"A larger unit prefix does not guarantee a larger total quantity because the numerical value also matters. Convert both values into the same unit before comparing them."},{"text":"Round both to the nearest whole number.","correct":false,"explanation":"Rounding can reduce precision but does not make unlike units comparable. The values must first be converted into the same unit."}]},{"id":"95420a69-2827-4c70-93de-4ceb93287861","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Which is larger: 2.4 MB or 2300 kB?","back":"2.4 MB (2400 kB).","mcqOptions":[{"text":"2.4 MB (2400 kB).","correct":true,"explanation":"Using 1 MB = 1000 kB, 2.4 MB converts to 2400 kB. Since 2400 kB exceeds 2300 kB, 2.4 MB is larger."},{"text":"2300 kB (2.4 MB = 2048 kB).","correct":false,"explanation":"This drops the decimal part and uses 2048 kB for 2 MB, mixing an incomplete conversion with binary multiples. Here, 2.4 MB is 2400 kB and is larger."},{"text":"2300 kB (2.4 MB = 240 kB).","correct":false,"explanation":"This conversion is ten times too small because 2.4 was multiplied by 100 rather than 1000. It equals 2400 kB, which is larger than 2300 kB."},{"text":"They are equal (2.4 MB = 2300 kB).","correct":false,"explanation":"Treating the values as equal overlooks the correct conversion. Since 2.4 MB equals 2400 kB, it is 100 kB larger than 2300 kB."}]},{"id":"3422ef42-9566-4c34-8c3e-21b9f63c4833","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Which is larger: 0.75 GB or 800 MB?","back":"800 MB (0.75 GB = 750 MB).","mcqOptions":[{"text":"800 MB (0.75 GB = 750 MB).","correct":true,"explanation":"Using 1 GB = 1000 MB, 0.75 GB equals 750 MB. Since 800 MB exceeds 750 MB, 800 MB is the larger quantity."},{"text":"0.75 GB (800 MB = 0.08 GB).","correct":false,"explanation":"This divides by an extra factor of ten when converting 800 MB. It equals 0.8 GB, which is greater than 0.75 GB, so 800 MB is larger."},{"text":"0.75 GB (a GB is larger than an MB).","correct":false,"explanation":"A quantity written in gigabytes is not automatically larger than every quantity written in megabytes. Converting 0.75 GB gives 750 MB, so 800 MB is larger."},{"text":"They are equal (0.75 GB = 800 MB).","correct":false,"explanation":"The values are not equal because 0.75 GB converts to 750 MB, not 800 MB. Therefore, 800 MB is larger by 50 MB."}]}]}],"examCountdown":{"examDate":"2027-05-10","paperLabel":"Paper 1"},"heading":"Units of information","title":"Units of information Flashcards","topbar":{"backHref":"/gcse/computer-science/aqa/flashcards"},"topicSidebar":"$L38"}]}],"topicId":"18737c69-37dc-534c-8846-61e1ea0ac145","walled":"$L39"}],"$L3a","$L3b"]