Ethanol, C2H5OH\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}C2H5OH, is manufactured in industry by reacting ethene with steam.
This is the equation for the reaction: C2H4(g)+H2O(g)⇌C2H5OH(g)\text{C}_2\text{H}_4\text{(g)} + \text{H}_2\text{O(g)} \rightleftharpoons \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH(g)}C2H4(g)+H2O(g)⇌C2H5OH(g)
The forward reaction is exothermic.
A temperature of 300∘C300^\circ\text{C}300∘C and a pressure of 60 atmospheres60\text{ atmospheres}60 atmospheres is typically used for the reaction.
Describe and explain the effect on the yield of ethanol from using a pressure of 10 atmospheres10\text{ atmospheres}10 atmospheres.
The yield of ethanol is greater when a temperature of 180∘C180^\circ\text{C}180∘C is used instead of 300∘C300^\circ\text{C}300∘C. Suggest why a temperature of 180∘C180^\circ\text{C}180∘C is not used in industry.
A catalyst is used to speed up the reaction. Describe the effect on the position of equilibrium from using a catalyst.
A chemical plant makes some ethanol. They predict they will make 80 tonnes80\text{ tonnes}80 tonnes of ethanol. The reaction has a percentage yield of 85%85\%85%.
Calculate the mass of ethanol they actually make.
Draw the structural formula of ethanol, C2H5OH\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}C2H5OH, showing all covalent bonds.
State the functional group in ethanol.
Ethanol can be oxidised to ethanoic acid. State the oxidising agent used in this reaction.
What type of reaction is this?
Select one option.
State the name of the other product in this type of reaction.