Drainage pipes can be manufactured from clay or poly(chloroethene) (PVC).
Below is the structure of the repeating unit of poly(chloroethene):
[ClH∣∣—C—C—∣∣HH]n\left[ \begin{array}{ccccc} & \text{Cl} & & \text{H} & \\ & | & & | & \\ \text{---} & \text{C} & \text{---} & \text{C} & \text{---} \\ & | & & | & \\ & \text{H} & & \text{H} & \end{array} \right]_n—Cl∣C∣H—H∣C∣H—n
Which monomer is used to produce poly(chloroethene)?
Option A HH∣∣C=C∣∣HH\begin{array}{ccc} \text{H} & & \text{H} \\ | & & | \\ \text{C} & = & \text{C} \\ | & & | \\ \text{H} & & \text{H} \end{array}H∣C∣H=H∣C∣H
Option B ClH∣∣C=C∣∣HH\begin{array}{ccc} \text{Cl} & & \text{H} \\ | & & | \\ \text{C} & = & \text{C} \\ | & & | \\ \text{H} & & \text{H} \end{array}Cl∣C∣H=H∣C∣H
Option C ClCl∣∣C=C∣∣HH\begin{array}{ccc} \text{Cl} & & \text{Cl} \\ | & & | \\ \text{C} & = & \text{C} \\ | & & | \\ \text{H} & & \text{H} \end{array}Cl∣C∣H=Cl∣C∣H
Option D ClH∣∣C=C∣∣ClH\begin{array}{ccc} \text{Cl} & & \text{H} \\ | & & | \\ \text{C} & = & \text{C} \\ | & & | \\ \text{Cl} & & \text{H} \end{array}Cl∣C∣Cl=H∣C∣H
Which process is used to make poly(chloroethene) from its monomers?
Complete the sentences using terms from this list: [allotropes, composites, four, many, monomers, polymers, two]
Table 1 gives some information about drainage pipes made of clay and poly(chloroethene).
| Feature | Clay drainage pipes | Poly(chloroethene) drainage pipes |
|---|---|---|
| Source of raw materials | Clay (from quarrying) | Crude oil and salt |
| Energy to make 1 m of pipe (MJ) | 280 | 85 |
| Biodegradable | No | No |
| Recyclable | No | Yes |
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of using clay and poly(chloroethene) to make drainage pipes. Use Table 1 and your knowledge of life cycle assessments (LCAs).