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carbon-carbon double bond. This functional group distinguishes them from alkanes, which contain only single carbon-carbon bonds."},{"text":"A carbon-carbon single bond, written $\\text{C}-\\text{C}$, identifies an alkene.","correct":false,"explanation":"A carbon-carbon single bond is present in alkanes as well as alkenes, so it cannot identify an alkene. The identifying feature is a carbon-carbon double bond, $\\text{C}=\\text{C}$."},{"text":"A carbon-oxygen double bond, written $\\text{C}=\\text{O}$, identifies an alkene.","correct":false,"explanation":"A carbon-oxygen double bond is a carbonyl group found in compounds such as aldehydes and ketones. An alkene is identified by a carbon-carbon double bond, $\\text{C}=\\text{C}$."},{"text":"A carbon-carbon triple bond, written $\\text{C}\\equiv\\text{C}$, identifies an alkene.","correct":false,"explanation":"A carbon-carbon triple bond identifies an alkyne, not an alkene. Alkenes have a carbon-carbon double bond, written $\\text{C}=\\text{C}$."}]},{"id":"5374c6ae-6ed5-4b08-a33f-c727fbe4ded7","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What type of compound is an alkene?","back":"An alkene is a hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon double bond.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"An alkene is a hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon double bond.","correct":true,"explanation":"An alkene contains only carbon and hydrogen, making it a hydrocarbon, and its characteristic functional group is a carbon-carbon double bond."},{"text":"An alkene is an alcohol containing a carbon-carbon double bond.","correct":false,"explanation":"Alcohols must contain a hydroxyl group, $-\\text{OH}$, whereas alkenes contain only carbon and hydrogen. An alkene is therefore a hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon double bond."},{"text":"An alkene is a carboxylic acid containing a carbon-carbon double bond.","correct":false,"explanation":"Carboxylic acids contain the $-\\text{COOH}$ functional group and therefore include oxygen. An alkene is a hydrocarbon containing only carbon and hydrogen, with a carbon-carbon double bond."},{"text":"An alkene is a halogenoalkane containing a carbon-carbon double bond.","correct":false,"explanation":"Halogenoalkanes contain a halogen atom bonded to carbon and normally have only carbon-carbon single bonds. An alkene is a hydrocarbon characterised by a carbon-carbon double bond."}]},{"id":"ba7e6a01-afe4-4533-996a-7700e4c383fe","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why are alkenes described as unsaturated?","back":"Alkenes are unsaturated because they have two fewer hydrogen atoms than the alkane with the same number of carbons.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Alkenes are unsaturated because they have two fewer hydrogen atoms than the alkane with the same number of carbons.","correct":true,"explanation":"The carbon-carbon double bond replaces two possible carbon-hydrogen bonds. Consequently, an alkene has two fewer hydrogen atoms than the corresponding alkane and is described as unsaturated."},{"text":"Alkenes are unsaturated because they have two more hydrogen atoms than the alkane with the same number of carbons.","correct":false,"explanation":"Reversing the comparison gives the wrong hydrogen count. The double bond reduces the number of available carbon-hydrogen bonds, so an alkene has two fewer hydrogen atoms than its matching alkane."},{"text":"Alkenes are unsaturated because they have the same number of hydrogen atoms as the alkane with the same number of carbons.","correct":false,"explanation":"This overlooks the extra bond between the double-bonded carbons. It replaces two carbon-hydrogen bonds, so the alkene has two fewer hydrogen atoms than the corresponding alkane."},{"text":"Alkenes are unsaturated because they have four fewer hydrogen atoms than the alkane with the same number of carbons.","correct":false,"explanation":"Counting each line of the double bond as removing two hydrogens leads to this error. One additional carbon-carbon bond replaces two carbon-hydrogen bonds, so two hydrogens are lost."}]},{"id":"fc96fc1b-ed90-4d10-8574-4c5f8546ea0d","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"How many bonds does each carbon atom form in an alkene?","back":"Every carbon atom forms four bonds in total.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Every carbon atom forms four bonds in total.","correct":true,"explanation":"Carbon has valency four, so each carbon atom forms four bonds in total. A double bond counts as two of those four bonds."},{"text":"Every carbon atom forms two bonds in total.","correct":false,"explanation":"Counting only the two lines in the carbon-carbon double bond ignores bonds to other atoms. Carbon has valency four, so every carbon atom forms four bonds in total."},{"text":"Every carbon atom forms three bonds in total.","correct":false,"explanation":"Counting a double bond as one connection can make a double-bonded carbon appear to have three bonds. Each line represents a bond, and carbon forms four bonds in total."},{"text":"Every carbon atom forms five bonds in total.","correct":false,"explanation":"Adding the double bond to four other assumed bonds exceeds carbon’s valency. The double bond already counts as two bonds, and each carbon forms four bonds altogether."}]},{"id":"65c168fe-2bf3-459e-8d72-62c4d6fc891d","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does an alkene have two fewer hydrogen atoms than its matching alkane?","back":"The double bond uses one extra bond between the carbon atoms, leaving room for two fewer carbon-hydrogen bonds.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The double bond uses one extra bond between the carbon atoms, leaving room for two fewer carbon-hydrogen bonds.","correct":true,"explanation":"Changing a carbon-carbon single bond into a double bond uses one additional bond from each of the two carbons. This removes space for two carbon-hydrogen bonds altogether."},{"text":"The double bond uses one extra bond between the carbon atoms, leaving room for one fewer carbon-hydrogen bond.","correct":false,"explanation":"The additional carbon-carbon bond affects both carbon atoms, not just one. Each loses capacity for one hydrogen bond, giving two fewer carbon-hydrogen bonds overall."},{"text":"The double bond uses one extra bond between the carbon atoms, leaving room for two more carbon-hydrogen bonds.","correct":false,"explanation":"A double bond uses more of each carbon’s bonding capacity, so it cannot create room for extra hydrogens. It leaves room for two fewer carbon-hydrogen bonds."},{"text":"The double bond uses one extra bond between the carbon atoms, leaving room for four fewer carbon-hydrogen bonds.","correct":false,"explanation":"Treating both lines of the double bond as new bonds leads to removing too many hydrogens. Only one bond is added relative to an alkane, removing two carbon-hydrogen bonds."}]},{"id":"4ec0ffca-7748-438a-a080-c4a2cd157e7b","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What is the general formula of the alkenes?","back":"The general formula of alkenes is $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n}$.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The general formula of alkenes is $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n}$.","correct":true,"explanation":"An acyclic alkene with one carbon-carbon double bond has twice as many hydrogen atoms as carbon atoms, giving the general formula $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n}$."},{"text":"The general formula of alkenes is $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n+2}$.","correct":false,"explanation":"The formula $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n+2}$ belongs to alkanes, which have only single bonds. One double bond removes two hydrogens, giving alkenes the formula $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n}$."},{"text":"The general formula of alkenes is $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n-2}$.","correct":false,"explanation":"The formula $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n-2}$ corresponds to compounds with two degrees of unsaturation, such as an alkyne. An alkene with one double bond has formula $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n}$."},{"text":"The general formula of alkenes is $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{n+2}$.","correct":false,"explanation":"This incorrectly combines the carbon multiplier and constant from hydrocarbon formulae. For an alkene, the hydrogen count is exactly twice the carbon count, so the formula is $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n}$."}]},{"id":"b83ebb23-9c30-4dfb-b9d6-11d76aec28a8","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"In $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n}$, what does $n$ represent?","back":"The letter $n$ represents the number of carbon atoms in one molecule.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The letter $n$ represents the number of carbon atoms in one molecule.","correct":true,"explanation":"In a general formula, $n$ is the number of carbon atoms in one molecule. The expression $2n$ then determines the corresponding number of hydrogen atoms."},{"text":"The letter $n$ represents the number of hydrogen atoms in one molecule.","correct":false,"explanation":"Confusing the two subscripts reverses their roles. In $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n}$, $n$ counts carbon atoms, while $2n$ gives the number of hydrogen atoms."},{"text":"The letter $n$ represents the number of double bonds in one molecule.","correct":false,"explanation":"The displayed family formula assumes one carbon-carbon double bond; $n$ does not count double bonds. It represents the number of carbon atoms in the molecule."},{"text":"The letter $n$ represents the number of covalent bonds in one molecule.","correct":false,"explanation":"A molecular formula does not use $n$ to total all covalent bonds. In the alkene general formula, $n$ specifically represents the number of carbon atoms."}]},{"id":"89b6cc45-c110-485f-9f83-844edf191152","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does $2n$ represent in the alkene formula $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n}$?","back":"The number of hydrogen atoms is twice the number of carbon atoms.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The number of hydrogen atoms is twice the number of carbon atoms.","correct":true,"explanation":"The hydrogen subscript is $2n$, while the carbon subscript is $n$. Therefore, an alkene in this homologous series has twice as many hydrogen atoms as carbon atoms."},{"text":"The number of hydrogen atoms is equal to the number of carbon atoms.","correct":false,"explanation":"This ignores the coefficient 2 before $n$ in the hydrogen subscript. The formula $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n}$ means the hydrogen count is twice the carbon count."},{"text":"The number of hydrogen atoms is two more than the number of carbon atoms.","correct":false,"explanation":"Reading $2n$ as $n+2$ is an algebraic error. Multiplication is intended, so the number of hydrogen atoms is twice the number of carbon atoms."},{"text":"The number of hydrogen atoms is half the number of carbon atoms.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the relationship between the two subscripts. Since hydrogen has subscript $2n$ and carbon has subscript $n$, there are twice as many hydrogen atoms."}]},{"id":"1f60b50a-88d8-4006-8510-4237876c578c","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why is there no one-carbon alkene?","back":"The smallest alkene has two carbon atoms because a carbon-carbon double bond needs two carbons.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The smallest alkene has two carbon atoms because a carbon-carbon double bond needs two carbons.","correct":true,"explanation":"An alkene must contain a carbon-carbon double bond, which requires two separate carbon atoms. Ethene is therefore the smallest member of the alkene homologous series."},{"text":"The smallest alkene has one carbon atom because a carbon-carbon double bond needs one carbon.","correct":false,"explanation":"A carbon-carbon bond must join two carbon atoms, so one carbon cannot form the defining $\\text{C}=\\text{C}$ group. The smallest alkene has two carbons."},{"text":"The smallest alkene has three carbon atoms because a carbon-carbon double bond needs three carbons.","correct":false,"explanation":"Propene is an alkene, but it is not the smallest one. A carbon-carbon double bond requires only two carbon atoms, allowing ethene to be the first member."},{"text":"The smallest alkene has four carbon atoms because a carbon-carbon double bond needs four carbons.","correct":false,"explanation":"Confusing the four bonds formed by each carbon with the number of carbon atoms gives this error. A carbon-carbon double bond requires two carbons, so ethene is smallest."}]},{"id":"8ed76cdb-2e52-4539-b0ac-b5f6afcaebf6","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What is the molecular formula of the four-carbon alkene?","back":"$$\\text{C}_4\\text{H}_8$","mcqOptions":[{"text":"$$\\text{C}_4\\text{H}_8$","correct":true,"explanation":"Substituting $n=4$ into the alkene formula $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n}$ gives eight hydrogen atoms, so the four-carbon alkene has formula $\\text{C}_4\\text{H}_8$."},{"text":"$$\\text{C}_4\\text{H}_{10}$","correct":false,"explanation":"Using $2n+2$ gives the alkane butane rather than an alkene. Applying $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n}$ with $n=4$ gives the correct formula $\\text{C}_4\\text{H}_8$."},{"text":"$$\\text{C}_4\\text{H}_6$","correct":false,"explanation":"Subtracting two hydrogens from the alkene formula produces a formula associated with two degrees of unsaturation. For one double bond, $2n=8$, giving $\\text{C}_4\\text{H}_8$."},{"text":"$$\\text{C}_4\\text{H}_4$","correct":false,"explanation":"Using the same subscript for carbon and hydrogen ignores the $2n$ hydrogen term. With four carbons, an alkene has eight hydrogens and formula $\\text{C}_4\\text{H}_8$."}]},{"id":"ae176c81-d9ff-43f0-ae05-5d72f3fc1454","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What are the name and molecular formula of the two-carbon alkene?","back":"Ethene has two carbons and the formula $\\text{C}_2\\text{H}_4$.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Ethene has two carbons and the formula $\\text{C}_2\\text{H}_4$.","correct":true,"explanation":"The prefix eth- indicates two carbon atoms, and the suffix -ene indicates an alkene. Using $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n}$ with $n=2$ gives $\\text{C}_2\\text{H}_4$."},{"text":"Ethane has two carbons and the formula $\\text{C}_2\\text{H}_6$.","correct":false,"explanation":"The suffix -ane and formula $\\text{C}_2\\text{H}_6$ identify the corresponding alkane. The two-carbon alkene is ethene, and its formula is $\\text{C}_2\\text{H}_4$."},{"text":"Propene has two carbons and the formula $\\text{C}_2\\text{H}_4$.","correct":false,"explanation":"The prefix prop- means three carbon atoms, not two. The prefix for two carbons is eth-, so the two-carbon alkene is ethene with formula $\\text{C}_2\\text{H}_4$."},{"text":"Ethene has two carbons and the formula $\\text{C}_2\\text{H}_2$.","correct":false,"explanation":"The formula $\\text{C}_2\\text{H}_2$ has too few hydrogens and belongs to ethyne, an alkyne. Applying $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n}$ gives ethene the formula $\\text{C}_2\\text{H}_4$."}]},{"id":"7bb5ab71-11be-4483-92e9-13638f74716d","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What are the name and molecular formula of the three-carbon alkene?","back":"Propene has three carbons and the formula $\\text{C}_3\\text{H}_6$.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Propene has three carbons and the formula $\\text{C}_3\\text{H}_6$.","correct":true,"explanation":"The prefix prop- indicates three carbon atoms, while -ene indicates a double bond. Substituting $n=3$ into $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n}$ gives $\\text{C}_3\\text{H}_6$."},{"text":"Propane has three carbons and the formula $\\text{C}_3\\text{H}_8$.","correct":false,"explanation":"The suffix -ane and formula $\\text{C}_3\\text{H}_8$ identify an alkane. The three-carbon alkene is propene, which follows $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n}$ and has formula $\\text{C}_3\\text{H}_6$."},{"text":"Butene has three carbons and the formula $\\text{C}_3\\text{H}_6$.","correct":false,"explanation":"The prefix but- indicates four carbon atoms, so it cannot name a three-carbon molecule. The correct prefix is prop-, giving propene with formula $\\text{C}_3\\text{H}_6$."},{"text":"Propene has three carbons and the formula $\\text{C}_3\\text{H}_4$.","correct":false,"explanation":"This hydrogen count is two below the alkene formula and suggests an additional degree of unsaturation. For $n=3$, $2n=6$, so propene has formula $\\text{C}_3\\text{H}_6$."}]},{"id":"df789ca5-27f6-4212-a637-0c17d3763d87","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What are the name and molecular formula of the four-carbon alkene?","back":"Butene has four carbons and the formula $\\text{C}_4\\text{H}_8$.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Butene has four carbons and the formula $\\text{C}_4\\text{H}_8$.","correct":true,"explanation":"The prefix but- indicates four carbon atoms, and -ene identifies an alkene. With $n=4$, the general formula gives eight hydrogens, producing $\\text{C}_4\\text{H}_8$."},{"text":"Butane has four carbons and the formula $\\text{C}_4\\text{H}_{10}$.","correct":false,"explanation":"The suffix -ane and formula $\\text{C}_4\\text{H}_{10}$ identify the alkane butane. The four-carbon alkene is butene and has formula $\\text{C}_4\\text{H}_8$."},{"text":"Pentene has four carbons and the formula $\\text{C}_4\\text{H}_8$.","correct":false,"explanation":"The prefix pent- denotes five carbons rather than four. Four carbons require the prefix but-, so the compound is butene with formula $\\text{C}_4\\text{H}_8$."},{"text":"Butene has four carbons and the formula $\\text{C}_4\\text{H}_6$.","correct":false,"explanation":"This formula contains two fewer hydrogens than a four-carbon alkene should have. Using $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n}$ gives butene eight hydrogens and formula $\\text{C}_4\\text{H}_8$."}]},{"id":"3261c840-0d11-4718-baa8-5f9e561165fd","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What are the name and molecular formula of the five-carbon alkene?","back":"Pentene has five carbons and the formula $\\text{C}_5\\text{H}_{10}$.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Pentene has five carbons and the formula $\\text{C}_5\\text{H}_{10}$.","correct":true,"explanation":"The prefix pent- represents five carbon atoms, and -ene identifies an alkene. Substituting $n=5$ into $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n}$ gives $\\text{C}_5\\text{H}_{10}$."},{"text":"Pentane has five carbons and the formula $\\text{C}_5\\text{H}_{12}$.","correct":false,"explanation":"The suffix -ane and formula $\\text{C}_5\\text{H}_{12}$ identify the corresponding alkane. The five-carbon alkene is pentene, with two fewer hydrogens and formula $\\text{C}_5\\text{H}_{10}$."},{"text":"Butene has five carbons and the formula $\\text{C}_5\\text{H}_{10}$.","correct":false,"explanation":"The prefix but- represents four carbons, not five. A five-carbon chain uses the prefix pent-, so the alkene is pentene with formula $\\text{C}_5\\text{H}_{10}$."},{"text":"Pentene has five carbons and the formula $\\text{C}_5\\text{H}_8$.","correct":false,"explanation":"This hydrogen count is two below the value for an alkene with one double bond. Since $2n=10$ when $n=5$, pentene has formula $\\text{C}_5\\text{H}_{10}$."}]},{"id":"bca268dd-929c-4b22-bc8c-c7189fe94251","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does a displayed formula show?","back":"A displayed formula shows every atom and every covalent bond in the molecule.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"A displayed formula shows every atom and every covalent bond in the molecule.","correct":true,"explanation":"Displayed formulae draw all atoms and use lines to represent every covalent bond, allowing the complete bonding arrangement and location of any double bond to be seen."},{"text":"A displayed formula shows only the number of each atom in the molecule.","correct":false,"explanation":"Giving only the number of each type of atom describes a molecular formula, not a displayed formula. A displayed formula shows every atom and every covalent bond."},{"text":"A displayed formula shows only the carbon-carbon covalent bonds in the molecule.","correct":false,"explanation":"Omitting bonds to hydrogen would produce a shortened structural representation rather than a displayed formula. A displayed formula includes every atom and every covalent bond in the molecule."},{"text":"A displayed formula shows every atom but no covalent bonds in the molecule.","correct":false,"explanation":"Listing atoms without their bonds does not show the molecule’s structure. A displayed formula must show both every atom and every covalent bond, including the carbon-carbon double bond."}]},{"id":"0a5bf1c5-a733-4d1a-8fbc-cdffbe98978a","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What information does a molecular formula provide, and what does it omit?","back":"A molecular formula gives the number of each type of atom, but does not show where the double bond is.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"A molecular formula gives the number of each type of atom, but does not show where the double bond is.","correct":true,"explanation":"A molecular formula records the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule. It contains no bonding layout, so it cannot locate the carbon-carbon double bond."},{"text":"A molecular formula gives the position of every covalent bond, but does not show where the double bond is.","correct":false,"explanation":"If every covalent bond position were shown, the double bond would also be visible. A molecular formula gives only the number of each type of atom and omits bonding positions."},{"text":"A molecular formula gives the number of carbon atoms only, but does not show where the double bond is.","correct":false,"explanation":"A molecular formula includes the number of every type of atom, including both carbon and hydrogen in an alkene. It does not, however, reveal the double bond’s location."},{"text":"A molecular formula gives the number of each type of bond, but does not show where the double bond is.","correct":false,"explanation":"Subscripts in a molecular formula count atoms, not bonds. The formula gives the number of each type of atom but provides no information about the double bond’s position."}]},{"id":"ea52ad86-e281-4a7c-8c61-f668efb4d972","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How can you recognise an alkene from its displayed formula?","back":"Check that the molecule contains only carbon and hydrogen and has a $\\text{C}=\\text{C}$ bond.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Check that the molecule contains only carbon and hydrogen and has a $\\text{C}=\\text{C}$ bond.","correct":true,"explanation":"Alkenes are hydrocarbons containing only carbon and hydrogen, with at least one carbon-carbon double bond shown as $\\text{C}=\\text{C}$ in the displayed formula."},{"text":"Check that the molecule contains only carbon and oxygen and has a $\\text{C}=\\text{C}$ bond.","correct":false,"explanation":"The double bond is a useful clue, but including oxygen means the molecule is not a hydrocarbon. The correct recognition requires only carbon and hydrogen plus a $\\text{C}=\\text{C}$ bond."},{"text":"Check that the molecule contains only carbon and hydrogen and has a $\\text{C}-\\text{C}$ bond.","correct":false,"explanation":"A single carbon-carbon bond occurs in alkanes and many other compounds, so it does not identify an alkene. The defining bond is a carbon-carbon double bond, alongside only carbon and hydrogen."},{"text":"Check that the molecule contains only carbon and hydrogen and has a $\\text{C}\\equiv\\text{C}$ bond.","correct":false,"explanation":"A carbon-carbon triple bond identifies an alkyne rather than an alkene. Alkene displayed formulae contain only carbon and hydrogen and show at least one carbon-carbon double bond."}]},{"id":"29bf9945-e219-4bfe-8f65-2685ec3d123d","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does $\\text{C}_5\\text{H}_{10}$ fit the general formula for alkenes?","back":"$$\\text{C}_5\\text{H}_{10}$ is an alkene formula because $2\\times5=10$, so it fits $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n}$.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"$$\\text{C}_5\\text{H}_{10}$ is an alkene formula because $2\\times5=10$, so it fits $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n}$.","correct":true,"explanation":"For five carbon atoms, the alkene rule gives $\\text{H}=2n=2\\times5=10$. Therefore $\\text{C}_5\\text{H}_{10}$ matches the general formula $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n}$."},{"text":"$$\\text{C}_5\\text{H}_{10}$ is an alkene formula because $2\\times5=10$, so it fits $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{n}$.","correct":false,"explanation":"The calculation gives ten hydrogen atoms, but the stated formula must be $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n}$, not $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{n}$. Omitting the factor of two gives the wrong general formula."},{"text":"$$\\text{C}_5\\text{H}_{10}$ is an alkene formula because $2\\times5=10$, so it fits $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n+2}$.","correct":false,"explanation":"$$\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n+2}$ is the general formula for alkanes. Applying it to five carbons would give twelve hydrogens, whereas alkenes have $2n$, giving ten here."},{"text":"$$\\text{C}_5\\text{H}_{10}$ is an alkene formula because $2\\times5=10$, so it fits $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{n+2}$.","correct":false,"explanation":"Adding two to the carbon number would give seven hydrogens, not ten. The alkene relationship doubles the number of carbon atoms, so the correct formula is $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n}$."}]},{"id":"5ceef565-466c-451c-ba57-cfe68132702d","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Alkene names end in [ ], whereas alkane names end in -ane.","back":"Alkene names end in -ene, whereas alkane names end in -ane.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"-ene","correct":true,"explanation":"The suffix -ene identifies an alkene, whose molecules contain a carbon-carbon double bond. Alkanes instead use the suffix -ane."},{"text":"-ane","correct":false,"explanation":"The suffix -ane identifies an alkane, not an alkene. Alkene names use the suffix -ene to indicate the presence of a carbon-carbon double bond."},{"text":"-yne","correct":false,"explanation":"The suffix -yne is used for alkynes, which contain a carbon-carbon triple bond. Compounds with a carbon-carbon double bond use -ene."},{"text":"-ol","correct":false,"explanation":"The suffix -ol indicates an alcohol containing a hydroxyl group. It does not identify an alkene; alkene names end with -ene because of their double bond."}]},{"id":"00b25a05-c5a9-4435-8f6f-f2c89a49d0dd","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"The alkene with three carbon atoms is [ ].","back":"The alkene with three carbon atoms is propene.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"propene","correct":true,"explanation":"The prefix prop- represents three carbon atoms, and the suffix -ene shows that the compound is an alkene. Combining them gives the correct name."},{"text":"propane","correct":false,"explanation":"The prefix prop- correctly indicates three carbon atoms, but -ane identifies an alkane with single bonds. An alkene with three carbons must end in -ene."},{"text":"butene","correct":false,"explanation":"The suffix correctly identifies an alkene, but but- represents four carbon atoms. Three carbon atoms require the prefix prop-, giving the correct name."},{"text":"propyne","correct":false,"explanation":"The prefix indicates three carbon atoms, but -yne identifies a triple bond. The required compound has a double bond and therefore ends in -ene."}]},{"id":"d3fa0045-f336-4e49-a6bd-864ef3d6804d","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"The molecular formula of propene is $\\text{[...]}$.","back":"The molecular formula of propene is $\\boxed{\\text{C}_3\\text{H}_6}$.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"$$\\text{C}_3\\text{H}_6$","correct":true,"explanation":"Propene has three carbon atoms, so $n=3$. Applying the alkene formula $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n}$ gives $\\text{C}_3\\text{H}_6$."},{"text":"$$\\text{C}_3\\text{H}_8$","correct":false,"explanation":"Eight hydrogen atoms comes from using the alkane formula $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n+2}$ for three carbons. Propene is an alkene, so it has two fewer hydrogens: $\\text{C}_3\\text{H}_6$."},{"text":"$$\\text{C}_3\\text{H}_4$","correct":false,"explanation":"Four hydrogen atoms incorrectly subtracts two from the carbon count rather than doubling it. Using $\\text{H}=2n$ with three carbons gives the correct formula $\\text{C}_3\\text{H}_6$."},{"text":"$$\\text{C}_2\\text{H}_6$","correct":false,"explanation":"This formula has the wrong number of carbon atoms and corresponds to an alkane. Propene contains three carbons, and the alkene rule gives six hydrogens, so its formula is $\\text{C}_3\\text{H}_6$."}]},{"id":"197f58e8-d3f3-4478-919a-a9fdf91c8788","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"The alkene with five carbon atoms is [ ].","back":"The alkene with five carbon atoms is pentene.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"pentene","correct":true,"explanation":"The prefix pent- represents five carbon atoms, while the suffix -ene identifies an alkene. Together they form the correct name for the five-carbon alkene."},{"text":"pentane","correct":false,"explanation":"Pent- correctly indicates five carbon atoms, but -ane describes an alkane with single bonds. The five-carbon alkene must use the suffix -ene."},{"text":"butene","correct":false,"explanation":"The suffix shows an alkene, but but- represents four carbon atoms. Five carbon atoms are represented by pent-, giving the correct name."},{"text":"hexene","correct":false,"explanation":"The suffix is appropriate for an alkene, but hex- represents six carbon atoms. The prefix for five carbon atoms is pent-."}]},{"id":"60fdbb7e-3927-4811-925c-e6e3b1a9eb35","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"For an alkene with four carbon atoms, $n=4$ and the number of hydrogen atoms is [ ].","back":"For an alkene with four carbon atoms, $n=4$ and the number of hydrogen atoms is 8.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"8","correct":true,"explanation":"Alkenes follow $\\text{C}_n\\text{H}_{2n}$. Substituting $n=4$ gives $2\\times4=8$ hydrogen atoms."},{"text":"6","correct":false,"explanation":"Six results from subtracting two from the carbon count or using an unsuitable relationship. For an alkene, $n=4$ gives $2n=8$ hydrogen atoms."},{"text":"10","correct":false,"explanation":"Ten comes from adding two to $2n$, which is the alkane relationship $2n+2$. Alkenes use $2n$, so four carbon atoms require eight hydrogens."},{"text":"4","correct":false,"explanation":"Using the carbon number unchanged ignores the factor of two in the alkene formula. With $n=4$, the hydrogen count is $2n=8$."}]},{"id":"f6faac53-8220-45ec-aae7-d93f488f9d1c","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"A molecular formula does not show the position of the [ ].","back":"A molecular formula does not show the position of the carbon-carbon double bond.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"carbon-carbon double bond","correct":true,"explanation":"A molecular formula gives only the numbers of each type of atom. It cannot show where the carbon-carbon double bond is located within the carbon chain."},{"text":"carbon atoms","correct":false,"explanation":"A molecular formula does show how many carbon atoms are present through its carbon subscript. What it cannot show is the position of the carbon-carbon double bond."},{"text":"hydrogen atoms","correct":false,"explanation":"The hydrogen subscript in a molecular formula shows how many hydrogen atoms are present. The missing structural information is the location of the carbon-carbon double bond."},{"text":"carbon-carbon single bond","correct":false,"explanation":"A molecular formula does not specify the arrangement of the carbon skeleton or bond positions. The key position it fails to identify is that of the carbon-carbon double bond."}]}]}],"examCountdown":{"examDate":"2027-05-17","paperLabel":"Paper 1"},"heading":"7.2.1 Structure and formulae of alkenes","title":"7.2.1 Structure and formulae of alkenes Flashcards","topbar":{"backHref":"/gcse/chemistry/aqa/flashcards"},"topicSidebar":"$L36"}]}],"topicId":"53ec8d0e-f043-5978-937a-778598a7e382","walled":"$L37"}],"$L38","$L39"]