31:I[196793,["/_next/static/chunks/04dz0xqjvyj1r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0p4rexedanx97.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2epfhfe5im7r6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/176p1wltq5_f6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1f95q9c4h-8pl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0u008gt6051u7.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1odwrcl12kfnl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0zkcxwtbsqliz.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2u46tugibrk1v.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ao1re0xmmur_.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/03q735zs9dbpu.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3r5hh4t0jf4es.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ht89vb0p09bm.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ml3vooxhiupb.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/12xoy6h_w_le6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3jpl-42mbad5n.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2os7nxouq91eq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ocoqwe4aht_u.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/330aj5rw-3o2w.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1h4wccj42vygd.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3xa2z7fbv2riw.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/14kf-an-d2n-e.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/381o-754ev9ia.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2th820ily21xq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0v4byuex1x38h.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3kom3ps_bn2q6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1x_yxljsdq0vl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1xkpwfqqdrdio.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0k-y_4mcfub-p.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2dx-vzwyw9a3g.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2mv9l1xl_aa4j.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3dcuhw7_p-nlv.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/04zr-wqafvwoa.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1ku-vdy4ggo41.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2a4uxh-kqx1wo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2-3hvjs177r4z.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0llqhg6-bxn_b.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1l2yee13s4kff.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1pp_uf_jx5j9r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1s6j_7_p0ugo9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2vg15qyptj-oc.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2b6r02yb2zswo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/12mv6p8rwcl5o.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/422ba61wql3d7.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2opkuzmjw8cxb.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/34ux0fo6f-rm8.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3h4suq-9gmzwh.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0rt2_go1it43r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0v5zhouho0zlq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1gtlwpzgzi12z.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2zwoemojbdlmi.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2y341-r8ncizo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3jzaxe43n3e1e.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3xz_lj7nwz2k-.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0zg1om_k0m5zv.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1lsxkfxy262n-.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1ksyn9m68446d.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2tgvlfspjb-j8.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0pdzmybpnr872.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1zt4k83kx3bkw.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/200x0be4hbjpj.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/35bn8r0ao86_s.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3wqp-h5xnebw9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/120-bka6zq5lp.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/30dopbgd1dkf9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/43ajf4ofaeu5y.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181"],"Gingerbread"] 33:I[647935,["/_next/static/chunks/04dz0xqjvyj1r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0p4rexedanx97.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2epfhfe5im7r6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/176p1wltq5_f6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1f95q9c4h-8pl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0u008gt6051u7.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1odwrcl12kfnl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0zkcxwtbsqliz.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2u46tugibrk1v.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ao1re0xmmur_.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/03q735zs9dbpu.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3r5hh4t0jf4es.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ht89vb0p09bm.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ml3vooxhiupb.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/12xoy6h_w_le6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3jpl-42mbad5n.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2os7nxouq91eq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ocoqwe4aht_u.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/330aj5rw-3o2w.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1h4wccj42vygd.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3xa2z7fbv2riw.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/14kf-an-d2n-e.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/381o-754ev9ia.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2th820ily21xq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0v4byuex1x38h.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3kom3ps_bn2q6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1x_yxljsdq0vl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1xkpwfqqdrdio.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0k-y_4mcfub-p.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2dx-vzwyw9a3g.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2mv9l1xl_aa4j.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3dcuhw7_p-nlv.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/04zr-wqafvwoa.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1ku-vdy4ggo41.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2a4uxh-kqx1wo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2-3hvjs177r4z.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0llqhg6-bxn_b.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1l2yee13s4kff.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1pp_uf_jx5j9r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1s6j_7_p0ugo9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2vg15qyptj-oc.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2b6r02yb2zswo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/12mv6p8rwcl5o.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/422ba61wql3d7.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2opkuzmjw8cxb.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/34ux0fo6f-rm8.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3h4suq-9gmzwh.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0rt2_go1it43r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0v5zhouho0zlq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1gtlwpzgzi12z.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2zwoemojbdlmi.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2y341-r8ncizo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3jzaxe43n3e1e.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3xz_lj7nwz2k-.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0zg1om_k0m5zv.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1lsxkfxy262n-.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1ksyn9m68446d.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2tgvlfspjb-j8.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0pdzmybpnr872.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1zt4k83kx3bkw.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/200x0be4hbjpj.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/35bn8r0ao86_s.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3wqp-h5xnebw9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/120-bka6zq5lp.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/30dopbgd1dkf9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/43ajf4ofaeu5y.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181"],"RecordResourceResume"] 34:I[830476,["/_next/static/chunks/04dz0xqjvyj1r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0p4rexedanx97.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2epfhfe5im7r6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/176p1wltq5_f6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1f95q9c4h-8pl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0u008gt6051u7.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1odwrcl12kfnl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0zkcxwtbsqliz.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2u46tugibrk1v.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ao1re0xmmur_.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/03q735zs9dbpu.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3r5hh4t0jf4es.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ht89vb0p09bm.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ml3vooxhiupb.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/12xoy6h_w_le6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3jpl-42mbad5n.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2os7nxouq91eq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ocoqwe4aht_u.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/330aj5rw-3o2w.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1h4wccj42vygd.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3xa2z7fbv2riw.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/14kf-an-d2n-e.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/381o-754ev9ia.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2th820ily21xq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0v4byuex1x38h.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3kom3ps_bn2q6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1x_yxljsdq0vl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1xkpwfqqdrdio.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0k-y_4mcfub-p.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2dx-vzwyw9a3g.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2mv9l1xl_aa4j.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3dcuhw7_p-nlv.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/04zr-wqafvwoa.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1ku-vdy4ggo41.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2a4uxh-kqx1wo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2-3hvjs177r4z.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0llqhg6-bxn_b.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1l2yee13s4kff.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1pp_uf_jx5j9r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1s6j_7_p0ugo9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2vg15qyptj-oc.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2b6r02yb2zswo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/12mv6p8rwcl5o.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/422ba61wql3d7.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2opkuzmjw8cxb.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/34ux0fo6f-rm8.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3h4suq-9gmzwh.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0rt2_go1it43r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0v5zhouho0zlq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1gtlwpzgzi12z.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2zwoemojbdlmi.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2y341-r8ncizo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3jzaxe43n3e1e.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3xz_lj7nwz2k-.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0zg1om_k0m5zv.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1lsxkfxy262n-.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1ksyn9m68446d.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2tgvlfspjb-j8.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0pdzmybpnr872.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1zt4k83kx3bkw.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/200x0be4hbjpj.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/35bn8r0ao86_s.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3wqp-h5xnebw9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/120-bka6zq5lp.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/30dopbgd1dkf9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/43ajf4ofaeu5y.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181"],"FlashcardAccessBranch"] 35:I[315438,["/_next/static/chunks/04dz0xqjvyj1r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0p4rexedanx97.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2epfhfe5im7r6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/176p1wltq5_f6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1f95q9c4h-8pl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0u008gt6051u7.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1odwrcl12kfnl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0zkcxwtbsqliz.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2u46tugibrk1v.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ao1re0xmmur_.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/03q735zs9dbpu.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3r5hh4t0jf4es.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ht89vb0p09bm.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ml3vooxhiupb.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/12xoy6h_w_le6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3jpl-42mbad5n.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2os7nxouq91eq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3ocoqwe4aht_u.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/330aj5rw-3o2w.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1h4wccj42vygd.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3xa2z7fbv2riw.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/14kf-an-d2n-e.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/381o-754ev9ia.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2th820ily21xq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0v4byuex1x38h.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3kom3ps_bn2q6.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1x_yxljsdq0vl.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1xkpwfqqdrdio.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0k-y_4mcfub-p.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2dx-vzwyw9a3g.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2mv9l1xl_aa4j.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3dcuhw7_p-nlv.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/04zr-wqafvwoa.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1ku-vdy4ggo41.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2a4uxh-kqx1wo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2-3hvjs177r4z.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0llqhg6-bxn_b.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1l2yee13s4kff.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1pp_uf_jx5j9r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1s6j_7_p0ugo9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2vg15qyptj-oc.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2b6r02yb2zswo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/12mv6p8rwcl5o.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/422ba61wql3d7.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2opkuzmjw8cxb.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/34ux0fo6f-rm8.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3h4suq-9gmzwh.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0rt2_go1it43r.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0v5zhouho0zlq.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1gtlwpzgzi12z.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2zwoemojbdlmi.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2y341-r8ncizo.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3jzaxe43n3e1e.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3xz_lj7nwz2k-.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0zg1om_k0m5zv.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1lsxkfxy262n-.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1ksyn9m68446d.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/2tgvlfspjb-j8.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/0pdzmybpnr872.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/1zt4k83kx3bkw.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/200x0be4hbjpj.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/35bn8r0ao86_s.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/3wqp-h5xnebw9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/120-bka6zq5lp.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/30dopbgd1dkf9.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181","/_next/static/chunks/43ajf4ofaeu5y.js?dpl=nogit-1790430181"],"TopicFlashcardRunner"] 22:[["$","$L31",null,{"feature":"flashcards"}],"$L32",["$","$L33",null,{"href":"/gcse/chemistry/aqa/properties-of-small-molecules/flashcards","label":"2.2.4 Properties of small molecules","subjectCode":"gcse_chemistry__aqa","surface":"flashcards"}],["$","$L34",null,{"runner":["$","div",null,{"className":"min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-hidden bg-background","children":["$","$L35",null,{"decks":[{"id":"91ad1914-b93c-4b29-a7a0-6e7b6d18ad80","title":"2.2.4 Properties of small molecules Flashcards","topicId":"5476ad34-93d2-5637-b48b-9b37ee6dc2b0","topicSlug":"properties-of-small-molecules","cards":[{"id":"35c95676-b03a-44b9-a8b5-b0f19ca7c3c4","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What holds the atoms together inside a small molecule?","back":"Strong covalent bonds formed by shared pairs of electrons.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Strong covalent bonds formed by shared pairs of electrons.","correct":true,"explanation":"Shared pairs of electrons form strong covalent bonds between atoms within a molecule, holding those atoms together."},{"text":"Weak intermolecular forces formed by transferred electrons.","correct":false,"explanation":"Intermolecular forces act between separate molecules, not between atoms inside one molecule. Atoms within a small molecule are held together by strong covalent bonds formed from shared electron pairs."},{"text":"Ionic bonds formed by oppositely charged ions.","correct":false,"explanation":"Small molecules contain atoms joined by shared electrons, rather than a lattice of oppositely charged ions. The atoms are held together by strong covalent bonds."},{"text":"Metallic bonds formed by delocalised electrons.","correct":false,"explanation":"Metallic bonding occurs in metals, where positive ions are surrounded by delocalised electrons. Atoms inside a small molecule are joined by strong covalent bonds and shared electron pairs."}]},{"id":"781d99f3-344c-4884-8c87-5707e34e73aa","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What attracts separate molecules to one another?","back":"Intermolecular forces.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Intermolecular forces.","correct":true,"explanation":"Intermolecular forces are attractions between separate molecules, holding them close together in liquids and solids."},{"text":"Strong covalent bonds.","correct":false,"explanation":"Strong covalent bonds hold atoms together within each molecule, rather than attracting separate molecules. Attractions between molecules are called intermolecular forces."},{"text":"Ionic bonds.","correct":false,"explanation":"Ionic bonds attract oppositely charged ions in ionic structures. Separate molecules attract one another through intermolecular forces."},{"text":"Metallic bonds.","correct":false,"explanation":"Metallic bonds hold positive metal ions and delocalised electrons together in metals. The attraction between separate small molecules is caused by intermolecular forces."}]},{"id":"3ae3a900-c24a-4c91-8e12-e70cffb35667","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"How do intermolecular forces compare with covalent bonds in a small molecule?","back":"Intermolecular forces are much weaker than covalent bonds.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Intermolecular forces are much weaker than covalent bonds.","correct":true,"explanation":"Covalent bonds strongly hold atoms together inside molecules, whereas intermolecular forces are much weaker attractions between separate molecules."},{"text":"Intermolecular forces are much stronger than covalent bonds.","correct":false,"explanation":"The forces between molecules are not stronger than the bonds within them. Intermolecular forces are much weaker than covalent bonds."},{"text":"Intermolecular forces are about equal in strength to covalent bonds.","correct":false,"explanation":"Treating both forces as equally strong confuses attractions between molecules with bonds within molecules. Intermolecular forces are much weaker than covalent bonds."},{"text":"Intermolecular forces are slightly stronger than covalent bonds.","correct":false,"explanation":"A small increase in strength is still the wrong relationship. Covalent bonds are far stronger, so intermolecular forces are much weaker than covalent bonds."}]},{"id":"16d2c77b-be44-4291-9644-d0c129e31d93","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why do substances made of small molecules usually have low melting and boiling points?","back":"Weak intermolecular forces need only a small amount of energy to overcome.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Weak intermolecular forces need only a small amount of energy to overcome.","correct":true,"explanation":"Small molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces, so only a small amount of energy is needed to separate them during melting or boiling."},{"text":"Strong covalent bonds need only a small amount of energy to overcome.","correct":false,"explanation":"Covalent bonds hold atoms inside each molecule and are not usually broken during melting or boiling. Weak intermolecular forces between molecules require only a small amount of energy to overcome."},{"text":"Weak ionic bonds need only a small amount of energy to overcome.","correct":false,"explanation":"Ionic bonds are not the forces responsible for the usual low melting and boiling points of small molecular substances. Weak intermolecular forces between molecules are overcome instead."},{"text":"Strong intermolecular forces need only a small amount of energy to overcome.","correct":false,"explanation":"Strong intermolecular forces would require more energy to overcome and would produce higher melting and boiling points. Small molecular substances usually have weak intermolecular forces."}]},{"id":"f5b92479-f417-4f19-bd31-28511df2f721","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What is the key difference between the forces inside and between small molecules?","back":"

Inside: strong covalent bonds hold atoms together.
Between: weak intermolecular forces attract molecules.

","mcqOptions":[{"text":"

Inside: strong covalent bonds hold atoms together.
Between: weak intermolecular forces attract molecules.

","correct":true,"explanation":"Within each small molecule, strong covalent bonds hold atoms together. Between separate molecules, weaker intermolecular forces provide the attraction."},{"text":"

Inside: weak intermolecular forces hold atoms together.
Between: strong covalent bonds attract molecules.

","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses both locations and strengths. Strong covalent bonds hold atoms together inside a molecule, while weak intermolecular forces attract separate molecules."},{"text":"

Inside: strong ionic bonds hold atoms together.
Between: weak covalent bonds attract molecules.

","correct":false,"explanation":"Small molecules are not held together internally by ionic bonds, and covalent bonds do not attract separate molecules. The correct distinction is strong covalent bonds inside and weak intermolecular forces between."},{"text":"

Inside: weak covalent bonds hold atoms together.
Between: strong intermolecular forces attract molecules.

","correct":false,"explanation":"Both the strengths are reversed here. Covalent bonds inside molecules are strong, whereas the intermolecular forces between molecules are weak."}]},{"id":"54316a56-9787-48ee-8325-a9df455c1af2","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why are many substances made of small molecules gases or liquids at room temperature?","back":"Their weak intermolecular forces are easily overcome.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Their weak intermolecular forces are easily overcome.","correct":true,"explanation":"Weak intermolecular forces do not hold small molecules together strongly, so they are easily overcome at room temperature, allowing many substances to remain liquids or gases."},{"text":"Their strong covalent bonds are easily overcome.","correct":false,"explanation":"Covalent bonds hold atoms together within each molecule and are not easily overcome during changes of state. The weak intermolecular forces between molecules are overcome instead."},{"text":"Their strong intermolecular forces are easily overcome.","correct":false,"explanation":"Strong intermolecular forces would resist separation and generally lead to higher melting and boiling points. Many small molecular substances are liquids or gases because their intermolecular forces are weak."},{"text":"Their weak covalent bonds are easily overcome.","correct":false,"explanation":"The covalent bonds inside small molecules are strong, not weak. It is the weak intermolecular attractions between separate molecules that are easily overcome."}]},{"id":"3e05d0eb-ab76-4ef9-b9da-5b2fb2e4d096","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What happens to molecules at the melting point?","back":"Enough energy overcomes some intermolecular forces, allowing molecules to move past one another.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Enough energy overcomes some intermolecular forces, allowing molecules to move past one another.","correct":true,"explanation":"At melting point, enough energy is supplied to overcome some intermolecular attractions. The molecules remain together but can move past one another as a liquid."},{"text":"Enough energy overcomes all covalent bonds, allowing molecules to move past one another.","correct":false,"explanation":"Melting does not usually break the covalent bonds within molecules. Some intermolecular forces are overcome, allowing whole molecules to move past one another."},{"text":"Enough energy overcomes all intermolecular forces, separating molecules into a gas.","correct":false,"explanation":"Overcoming intermolecular forces fully and separating molecules into a gas describes boiling, not melting. At melting point, only some intermolecular forces are overcome."},{"text":"Enough energy strengthens some intermolecular forces, allowing molecules to move past one another.","correct":false,"explanation":"Heating supplies energy that weakens and overcomes some intermolecular attractions; it does not strengthen them. This allows molecules to move past one another in the liquid state."}]},{"id":"49faf1a5-2aa6-40e2-921b-047ac425fee4","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What happens to molecules at the boiling point?","back":"Enough energy overcomes the intermolecular forces fully, separating the molecules into a gas.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Enough energy overcomes the intermolecular forces fully, separating the molecules into a gas.","correct":true,"explanation":"At boiling point, enough energy is supplied to overcome intermolecular attractions fully, so the molecules separate from one another and enter the gas state."},{"text":"Enough energy overcomes the covalent bonds fully, separating the molecules into a gas.","correct":false,"explanation":"Boiling separates molecules without normally breaking the covalent bonds within them. The intermolecular forces between molecules are overcome fully."},{"text":"Enough energy overcomes the intermolecular forces partly, allowing molecules to move past one another.","correct":false,"explanation":"Partly overcoming intermolecular forces allows molecules to move past one another as a liquid, which describes melting. Boiling requires the intermolecular forces to be overcome fully."},{"text":"Enough energy strengthens the intermolecular forces fully, separating the molecules into a gas.","correct":false,"explanation":"Heating does not strengthen intermolecular forces. It supplies enough energy to overcome them fully, separating the molecules into a gas."}]},{"id":"d2d05de3-05e5-4fc4-ae91-b9b9851214cb","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What happens to the covalent bonds when a molecular substance melts or boils?","back":"The strong covalent bonds stay intact.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The strong covalent bonds stay intact.","correct":true,"explanation":"Melting and boiling provide enough energy to overcome the forces between molecules, but not the strong covalent bonds holding atoms together within each molecule."},{"text":"The strong covalent bonds break apart.","correct":false,"explanation":"This confuses a change of state with a chemical reaction. Melting and boiling overcome intermolecular forces, while the strong covalent bonds within each molecule remain intact."},{"text":"The strong covalent bonds become ionic bonds.","correct":false,"explanation":"A change of state does not alter the type of bonding inside the molecules. Intermolecular forces are overcome, but the covalent bonds remain unchanged."},{"text":"The strong covalent bonds become weaker permanently.","correct":false,"explanation":"Heating can separate molecules temporarily, but it does not permanently weaken their internal bonding. The molecules retain their covalent bonds after condensation or solidification."}]},{"id":"334898e5-8e34-4295-b3ca-158683266eed","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How does molecular size affect intermolecular forces?","back":"Intermolecular forces become stronger as molecules become larger.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Intermolecular forces become stronger as molecules become larger.","correct":true,"explanation":"Larger molecules contain more electrons and have greater surface areas, producing stronger temporary dipoles and therefore stronger attractions between neighbouring molecules."},{"text":"Intermolecular forces become weaker as molecules become larger.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the trend. More electrons and a larger contact area generally increase temporary dipole attractions, so the forces between molecules become stronger."},{"text":"Intermolecular forces remain the same as molecules become larger.","correct":false,"explanation":"Molecular size affects the strength of temporary dipole attractions. As size and electron number increase, intermolecular forces generally become stronger rather than staying unchanged."},{"text":"Intermolecular forces become covalent bonds as molecules become larger.","correct":false,"explanation":"Intermolecular attractions do not change into bonds within molecules. Increasing size strengthens attractions between molecules, while covalent bonding still joins atoms inside each molecule."}]},{"id":"82f80c4d-a1d7-4550-90f4-90e33504bd92","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why do larger molecules usually have higher melting and boiling points?","back":"Their stronger intermolecular forces require more energy to overcome.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Their stronger intermolecular forces require more energy to overcome.","correct":true,"explanation":"Larger molecules generally have stronger attractions between them. More energy is therefore needed to separate the molecules during melting or boiling, raising both temperatures."},{"text":"Their stronger covalent bonds require more energy to overcome.","correct":false,"explanation":"The internal covalent bonds are not usually broken during melting or boiling. The higher temperatures result from stronger attractions between larger molecules needing more energy to overcome."},{"text":"Their greater number of atoms requires more energy to create.","correct":false,"explanation":"Melting and boiling do not create new atoms or molecules. The temperature rises because stronger intermolecular attractions must be overcome, not because molecular particles are made."},{"text":"Their lower density requires more energy to overcome.","correct":false,"explanation":"Density is not the direct explanation for higher melting and boiling points. Larger molecules usually have stronger intermolecular attractions, which need more energy to overcome."}]},{"id":"fce0daca-a12c-40c5-81ad-e33831b41a61","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What causes the increase in melting and boiling points as molecular size increases?","back":"Stronger forces between molecules, not stronger covalent bonds within them.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Stronger forces between molecules, not stronger covalent bonds within them.","correct":true,"explanation":"As molecules get larger, their intermolecular attractions generally strengthen, so more energy is needed to separate them. The covalent bonds inside the molecules are not broken."},{"text":"Stronger covalent bonds within molecules, not stronger forces between them.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the two types of bonding involved. Changes in melting and boiling points are caused by stronger attractions between molecules, while internal covalent bonds remain intact."},{"text":"More covalent bonds between molecules, not stronger forces within them.","correct":false,"explanation":"Covalent bonds join atoms within individual molecules, not separate molecules. Larger molecules have stronger intermolecular forces, and these attractions explain the increase in melting and boiling points."},{"text":"Higher particle speeds between molecules, not stronger bonding within them.","correct":false,"explanation":"Particle speed changes with temperature but does not cause the pattern across molecular sizes. The relevant change is stronger intermolecular attraction between larger molecules."}]},{"id":"47a72362-4b98-43a5-8426-f55b82cf90c7","cardType":"basic","points":3,"front":"What is the physical-state pattern of chlorine, bromine and iodine at room temperature?","back":"

$\\text{Cl}_2$ is a gas.
$\\text{Br}_2$ is a liquid.
$\\text{I}_2$ is a solid.

","mcqOptions":[{"text":"

$\\text{Cl}_2$ is a gas.
$\\text{Br}_2$ is a liquid.
$\\text{I}_2$ is a solid.

","correct":true,"explanation":"At room temperature, chlorine has the weakest intermolecular forces and is gaseous, bromine is liquid, and iodine has stronger attractions that hold it in a solid."},{"text":"

$\\text{Cl}_2$ is a liquid.
$\\text{Br}_2$ is a solid.
$\\text{I}_2$ is a gas.

","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the physical-state trend down the halogens. Increasing molecular size strengthens intermolecular forces, so chlorine is a gas, bromine a liquid, and iodine a solid."},{"text":"

$\\text{Cl}_2$ is a solid.
$\\text{Br}_2$ is a gas.
$\\text{I}_2$ is a liquid.

","correct":false,"explanation":"The states have been shifted in the wrong direction. Larger halogen molecules have stronger attractions, meaning the sequence at room temperature is gas, liquid, then solid."},{"text":"

$\\text{Cl}_2$ is a gas.
$\\text{Br}_2$ is a solid.
$\\text{I}_2$ is a liquid.

","correct":false,"explanation":"Chlorine is correctly identified, but bromine and iodine are interchanged. Bromine melts below room temperature and is liquid, whereas iodine's stronger attractions make it solid."}]},{"id":"a190b74b-0e15-4d9a-9bbf-97a81f6e73ca","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does the physical state change from chlorine to bromine to iodine?","back":"Molecular size and intermolecular force strength increase from $\\text{Cl}_2$ to $\\text{Br}_2$ to $\\text{I}_2$.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Molecular size and intermolecular force strength increase from $\\text{Cl}_2$ to $\\text{Br}_2$ to $\\text{I}_2$.","correct":true,"explanation":"Moving down the group increases the number of electrons and molecular size. Temporary dipole attractions therefore become stronger, changing the substances from gas to liquid to solid."},{"text":"Molecular size and intermolecular force strength decrease from $\\text{Cl}_2$ to $\\text{Br}_2$ to $\\text{I}_2$.","correct":false,"explanation":"This gives the trend in reverse. Down the group, each molecule has more electrons and stronger temporary dipole attractions, so size and intermolecular force strength increase."},{"text":"Molecular size increases but intermolecular force strength decreases from $\\text{Cl}_2$ to $\\text{Br}_2$ to $\\text{I}_2$.","correct":false,"explanation":"Although size does increase, the forces do not weaken. More electrons and greater molecular surface area strengthen attractions, causing higher melting and boiling points down the group."},{"text":"Molecular size and covalent bond strength increase from $\\text{Cl}_2$ to $\\text{Br}_2$ to $\\text{I}_2$.","correct":false,"explanation":"The physical-state pattern is explained by attractions between molecules, not by stronger covalent bonds within them. Molecular size increases, but the relevant intermolecular forces become stronger."}]},{"id":"92a57f7d-1a96-4bcc-b56a-0aac88b3cb35","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why can a substance made of small molecules not conduct electricity in any state?","back":"

The molecules are neutral.
There are no ions or free electrons to carry charge.

","mcqOptions":[{"text":"

The molecules are neutral.
There are no ions or free electrons to carry charge.

","correct":true,"explanation":"Small molecular substances contain neutral molecules, and their electrons are held in covalent bonds. Without mobile ions or delocalised electrons, there are no charge carriers."},{"text":"

The molecules are charged.
There are no ions or free electrons to carry charge.

","correct":false,"explanation":"The first statement contradicts the nature of ordinary small molecules: they are neutral overall. Their lack of mobile ions or free electrons is why they cannot conduct."},{"text":"

The molecules are neutral.
There are many ions or free electrons to carry charge.

","correct":false,"explanation":"Neutral molecules alone do not conduct, and small molecular substances do not contain many mobile charge carriers. Conductivity requires ions or delocalised electrons that can move."},{"text":"

The molecules are ionic.
There are no covalent bonds to carry charge.

","correct":false,"explanation":"Small molecular substances are made from covalently bonded atoms, not ionic lattices. Their inability to conduct comes from having no mobile ions or free electrons."}]},{"id":"509c114e-b7e5-4290-8565-678d7fd33b86","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"A small molecule is a discrete group of atoms joined by strong [ ].","back":"A small molecule is a discrete group of atoms joined by strong covalent bonds.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"covalent bonds","correct":true,"explanation":"Atoms within a small molecule are joined by strong covalent bonds, formed when atoms share pairs of electrons. The separate molecules are held together by weaker intermolecular forces."},{"text":"ionic bonds","correct":false,"explanation":"Ionic bonding involves electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, usually in giant ionic lattices. Small molecules instead contain atoms joined by shared electrons through covalent bonding."},{"text":"intermolecular forces","correct":false,"explanation":"Intermolecular forces act between separate molecules rather than joining atoms within one molecule. The atoms in a small molecule are connected by strong covalent bonds."},{"text":"metallic bonds","correct":false,"explanation":"Metallic bonding is found in metals, where positive ions are attracted to delocalised electrons. Small molecules are non-metal structures whose atoms are joined by covalent bonds."}]},{"id":"3aaedb40-41b8-4410-b64e-ff71647f2484","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"The bulk properties of molecular substances depend mainly on weak [ ].","back":"The bulk properties of molecular substances depend mainly on weak intermolecular forces.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"intermolecular forces","correct":true,"explanation":"Weak intermolecular forces act between separate molecules and largely determine bulk properties such as melting point, boiling point and physical state."},{"text":"intramolecular forces","correct":false,"explanation":"Intramolecular forces act within molecules and include strong covalent bonds. Bulk properties mainly depend on the weak intermolecular forces between separate molecules."},{"text":"covalent bonds","correct":false,"explanation":"Covalent bonds strongly hold atoms together within each molecule, rather than controlling bulk behaviour. The relevant weak attractions are intermolecular forces between molecules."},{"text":"ionic bonds","correct":false,"explanation":"Ionic bonds are strong electrostatic attractions in ionic compounds, not weak attractions characteristic of molecular substances. Their bulk properties mainly depend on intermolecular forces."}]},{"id":"f626bab8-6e50-4aef-a669-a48a9b7771e9","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"When a molecular substance boils, its strong [ ] remain intact.","back":"When a molecular substance boils, its strong covalent bonds remain intact.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"covalent bonds","correct":true,"explanation":"Boiling overcomes the weak intermolecular forces between molecules. It does not break the strong covalent bonds joining atoms within each molecule."},{"text":"intermolecular forces","correct":false,"explanation":"Intermolecular forces are overcome when a molecular substance boils, so they do not remain intact. The strong covalent bonds within each molecule remain unbroken."},{"text":"ionic bonds","correct":false,"explanation":"Confusing molecular and ionic structures makes this tempting, but simple molecules do not contain ionic bonds. Their strong internal covalent bonds remain intact during boiling."},{"text":"metallic bonds","correct":false,"explanation":"Metallic bonds occur between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons, not within simple molecules. Boiling a molecular substance leaves its covalent bonds intact."}]},{"id":"e245843b-ffef-4dc6-82f2-7520b4b2200c","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"A small molecule has no overall electric charge because its positive and negative charges [ ].","back":"A small molecule has no overall electric charge because its positive and negative charges balance.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"balance","correct":true,"explanation":"A molecule is electrically neutral when the total positive charge of its nuclei equals the total negative charge of its electrons, so the charges balance overall."},{"text":"separate","correct":false,"explanation":"Separating positive and negative charges would create charged regions rather than explain neutrality. A molecule has no overall charge because the total positive and negative charges balance."},{"text":"increase","correct":false,"explanation":"Increasing both types of charge does not by itself guarantee a neutral molecule. Neutrality occurs because the total positive charge exactly balances the total negative charge."},{"text":"repel","correct":false,"explanation":"Opposite charges attract rather than repel, and attraction alone does not define neutrality. A molecule is neutral because its total positive and negative charges balance."}]},{"id":"c64463a1-2b37-43c8-b096-04c58f821433","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Molecular size and intermolecular force strength increase in the order $\\text{Cl}_2$, $\\text{Br}_2$, then $\\text{[...]}$.","back":"Molecular size and intermolecular force strength increase in the order $\\text{Cl}_2$, $\\text{Br}_2$, then $\\boxed{\\text{I}_2}$.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"$$\\text{I}_2$","correct":true,"explanation":"Iodine molecules are larger and contain more electrons than bromine molecules, producing stronger London dispersion forces. The order is therefore chlorine, bromine, then iodine."},{"text":"$$\\text{F}_2$","correct":false,"explanation":"Fluorine molecules are smaller and have fewer electrons than chlorine molecules, so their intermolecular forces are weaker. Iodine is the correct final molecule in the increasing order."},{"text":"$$\\text{O}_2$","correct":false,"explanation":"Oxygen molecules are smaller and less polarisable than chlorine and bromine molecules, so they cannot complete this increasing sequence. The larger molecule required is iodine."},{"text":"$$\\text{N}_2$","correct":false,"explanation":"Nitrogen molecules are small and have relatively weak London dispersion forces, so placing them after bromine reverses the trend. Iodine correctly completes the increasing order."}]}]}],"examCountdown":{"examDate":"2027-05-17","paperLabel":"Paper 1"},"heading":"2.2.4 Properties of small molecules","title":"2.2.4 Properties of small molecules Flashcards","topbar":{"backHref":"/gcse/chemistry/aqa/flashcards"},"topicSidebar":"$L36"}]}],"topicId":"5476ad34-93d2-5637-b48b-9b37ee6dc2b0","walled":"$L37"}],"$L38","$L39"]